Classically, animal cells nucleate or form new microtubules off the perinuclear centrosome. In recent years, the Golgi outpost has emerged as a satellite organelle that can function as an acentrosomal microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), nucleating new microtubules at distances far from the nucleus or cell body. Golgi outposts can nucleate new microtubules in specialized cells with unique cytoarchitectures, including Drosophila neurons, mouse muscle cells, and rodent oligodendrocytes. This review compares and contrasts topics of functional relevance, including Golgi outpost heterogeneity, formation and transport, as well as regulation of microtubule polarity and branching. Golgi outposts have also been implicated in the pathology of diseases including muscular dystrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since Golgi outposts are relatively understudied, many outstanding questions regarding their function and roles in disease remain.

典型地，动物细胞从核周中心体成核或形成新的微管。近年来，高尔基前哨站已经成为一个卫星细胞器，可以充当一个上体染色体微管组织中心（MTOC），在远离细胞核或细胞体的距离内成核新的微管。高尔基哨所可以在具有独特细胞结构（包括果蝇）的特殊细胞中使新的微管成核神经元，小鼠肌肉细胞和啮齿动物少突胶质细胞。这篇评论比较和对比功能相关的主题，包括高尔基前哨基地异质性，形成和运输，以及微管极性和分支的监管。高尔基前哨也与疾病的病理学有关，包括肌肉营养不良和神经退行性疾病，如帕金森氏病（PD）。由于高尔基前哨基地相对未被充分研究，因此关于其功能和在疾病中的作用的许多悬而未决的问题仍然存在。