Abstract This article presents a series of stratigraphic forward simulations of deep lacustrine sedimentary fills of continental multi-segment rift basins. These models integrate basin filling with the evolution of the extrabasinal catchment area, and relate tectonism and precipitation fluctuations to changes in lake level and sediment supply. The models reproduce the physical processes acting on the whole depositional environment from the site of erosion in the catchment area to deposition deep in the basin, and capture the complexity and variability of lacustrine rift basins. Results from these simulations show: (1) both extremely arid and extremely high-precipitation conditions are not favorable for the development of a large proportional volume of deep lacustrine facies in rift basins; (2) an increase of basin subsidence rate or a decrease of erosion rate in the source area increases both the proportional volumes of deep lacustrine sediment contained within the total rift fill and sand-rich sediment contained within deep lacustrine facies; (3) the development of deep lacustrine facies is more sensitive to basin subsidence and source erosion under very high-precipitation conditions; and (4) under various scenarios of basin subsidence and source area erosion, the proportion and style of deep-water sand accumulation is shown to be insensitive to climate conditions. Our simulations shed light on deep lacustrine fills in lacustrine rift basins and deepen the understanding of the influences of different conditions of evaporation-precipitation (from arid to humid), subsidence rates (e.g., reflecting end-member processes of continental extension), and erosion rates (e.g., reflecting varying bedrock terranes within the catchment), which help predict favorable conditions for the development of lacustrine source rocks and deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs.

中文翻译：

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多段裂谷盆地深湖相沉积充填和敏感性分析：3D 正向建模的见解

摘要 本文提出了一系列陆相多段裂谷盆地深部湖相沉积充填的地层正演模拟。这些模型将盆地充填与盆地外集水区的演变相结合，并将构造作用和降水波动与湖泊水位和沉积物供应的变化联系起来。模型再现了从流域侵蚀位点到盆地深处沉积作用于整个沉积环境的物理过程，捕捉了湖相裂谷盆地的复杂性和变异性。模拟结果表明：（1）极干旱和极高降水条件均不利于裂谷盆地深部湖相相大比例体积的发育；(2) 源区盆地沉降速率的增加或侵蚀速率的减小，增加了总裂谷充填中深部湖相沉积物和深部湖相中富砂沉积物的比例体积；(3) 深湖相发育在极高降水条件下对盆地沉降和源侵蚀更为敏感；(4)在盆地沉降和源区侵蚀的各种情景下，深水积沙的比例和方式对气候条件不敏感。我们的模拟揭示了湖相裂谷盆地中的深湖充填，并加深了对不同蒸发-降水条件（从干旱到潮湿）、沉降率（例如，