The Eupatorieae represent nearly 10 % of the Asteraceae, including about 187 genera and 2500 species. With close to 116 genera, South America is one of the richest areas for Eupatorieae diversity. Understanding of the taxonomy of the tribe has been hindered by the morphological variation of its genera and by the partly incongruent circumscription of genera and subtribes yielded by morphological and molecular characters. Furthermore, to date, no clustering analyses based on morphological characters have been done to explore the degree of agreement between the resulting groupings and those provided by molecular analyses. To contribute to the morphological definition of the clades obtained by ongoing molecular studies, the goals of this study are 1. To describe, characterize, compare, and assess the variability of reproductive characters in representative genera of South American Eupatorieae and, 2. To carry out a clustering analysis using reproductive morphological characters of these taxa. Additionally, we also aim to provide a standardized terminology of features for use by specialists and detailed drawings of reproductive structures to help elucidate the complex morphology of Eupatorieae. A total of 123 species belonging to 42 South American genera and 14 subtribes of Eupatorieae were studied. Twenty-eight characters of the involucre, receptacle, corolla, stamen, style, pappus and cypsela were morphologically and anatomically analyzed and compared. All these characters were included in the clustering analysis. A dendrogram was built using UPGMA method. Our work provides a comparative study of reproductive morphology at the species level, involving 14 of the 19 subtribes of Eupatorieae. The South American species studied showed high variability in reproductive characters. According to our statistical results, the representative genera of Alomiinae, Ayapaninae, Critoniinae, Disynaphiinae, Eupatoriinae, and Gyptidinae did not cluster together. These outcomes agree with molecular studies that found out these subtribes as either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The genera of subtribes Adenostemmatinae, Fleischmanniinae, and Mikaniinae clustered together in our statistical analysis as well as in molecular studies that have found these subtribes to be monophyletic. At the genus level, our results found that the sampled species of many genera e.g. Barrosoa, Campuloclinium, Mikania, Ophryosporus, and Stevia, were grouped, in agreement with molecular studies that found these genera to be monophyletic. At the same time, the species of some genera that appeared as para- or polyphyletic in molecular studies, e.g. Chromolaena and Heterocondylus, were also distributed in different clusters in our study. In contrast, in other cases, e.g. Kaunia and Praxelis, our results did not agree with previous molecular studies. Interestingly, our statistical analysis showed clustering of genera from different subtribes, similarly to the findings of molecular studies: e.g. Austrobrickellia and Stomatanthes, Malmeanthus close to members of Disynaphiinae. Moreover, our results supported the exclusion of Stevia from Ageratinae, as shown by molecular studies. All these findings should be corroborated by the addition of more species to both statistical and molecular analyses. In light of our results, and despite some potential bias related to the sampling of species and the election and codification of characters, we conclude that, as proven by recent molecular studies, the circumscription of many of the traditionally defined subtribes and numerous genera should be re-evaluated to describe monophyletic entities.

紫茎科占菊科的近10％，包括约187属和2500种。南美洲拥有近116个属，是紫茎泽兰多样性最丰富的地区之一。对该部落的分类学的理解受到其属的形态学变异以及由于形态和分子特征产生的部分属和属的部分不相称的限制而受到阻碍。此外，迄今为止，尚未进行基于形态特征的聚类分析来探讨所得分组与分子分析所提供的分组之间的一致性程度。为了促进正在进行的分子研究获得的进化枝的形态学定义，本研究的目标是1。描述，表征，比较，并评估南美紫花科典型属的生殖特征的变异性； 2．利用这些类群的生殖形态特征进行聚类分析。此外，我们还旨在为专家提供标准化的功能术语和生殖结构的详细图纸，以帮助阐明紫茎泽兰的复杂形态。共研究了123个物种，它们属于42个南美属和Eupatorieae的14个亚族。通过形态学和解剖学分析和比较了luc囊，容器，花冠，雄蕊，花型，巴布属和小提琴的28个特征。所有这些字符都包含在聚类分析中。使用UPGMA方法构建树状图。我们的工作提供了在物种水平上的生殖形态学的比较研究，涉及紫茎泽兰19个亚族中的14个。研究的南美物种显示出生殖性状的高度变异性。根据我们的统计结果，有代表性的属Alomiinae，Ayapaninae，Critoniinae，Disynaphiinae，Eupatoriinae和Gyptidinae并没有聚在一起。这些结果与分子研究相吻合，分子研究发现这些亚族是多系的或共系的。在我们的统计分析以及分子研究中，亚细茎腺科，Fleischmanniinae科和Mikaniinae科的属聚在一起，发现这些亚科是单系的。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 涉及紫up 19个亚科中的14个。研究的南美物种显示出生殖性状的高度变异性。根据我们的统计结果，拟南芥，A科、,科、,科，Eu科和G科的代表性属没有聚在一起。这些结果与分子研究相吻合，分子研究发现这些亚族是多系的或共系的。在我们的统计分析以及分子研究中，亚细茎腺科，Fleischmanniinae科和Mikaniinae科的属聚在一起，发现这些亚科是单系的。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 涉及紫up 19个亚科中的14个。研究的南美物种显示出生殖性状的高度变异性。根据我们的统计结果，有代表性的属Alomiinae，Ayapaninae，Critoniinae，Disynaphiinae，Eupatoriinae和Gyptidinae并没有聚在一起。这些结果与分子研究相吻合，分子研究发现这些亚族是多系的或共系的。在我们的统计分析以及分子研究中，亚细茎腺科，Fleischmanniinae科和Mikaniinae科的属聚在一起，发现这些亚科是单系的。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 Alomiinae，Ayapaninae，Critoniinae，Disynaphiinae，Eupatoriinae和Gyptidinae的代表性属没有聚在一起。这些结果与分子研究相吻合，分子研究发现这些亚族是多系的或共系的。在我们的统计分析以及分子研究中，亚细茎腺科，Fleischmanniinae科和Mikaniinae科的属聚在一起，发现这些亚科是单系的。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 Alomiinae，Ayapaninae，Critoniinae，Disynaphiinae，Eupatoriinae和Gyptidinae的代表性属没有聚在一起。这些结果与分子研究相吻合，分子研究发现这些亚族是多系的或共系的。在我们的统计分析以及分子研究中，亚细茎腺科，Fleischmanniinae科和Mikaniinae科的属聚在一起，发现这些亚科是单系的。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 在我们的统计分析以及发现这些亚类都是单系的分子研究中，Mikaniinae和Mikaniinae聚集在一起。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种 在我们的统计分析以及发现这些亚类都是单系的分子研究中，Mikaniinae和Mikaniinae聚集在一起。在属的水平上，我们的结果发现许多属的采样物种Barrosoa，Campuloclinium，Mikania，Ophryosporus和Stevia进行了分组，并与发现这些属具有单系性的分子研究相一致。同时，一些在分子研究中表现为近亲或多系的属，例如Chromolaena和Heterocondylus，也在我们的研究中分布在不同的簇中。相反，在其他情况下，例如Kaunia和Praxelis，我们的结果并没有与以前的分子研究同意。有趣的是，我们的统计分析表明，来自不同亚族的属聚类，类似于分子研究的结果：桔梗和气孔菌属，马尔默安特斯人接近于Disynaphiinae的成员。此外，如分子研究所示，我们的研究结果支持将甜叶菊从非洲菊科中排除。所有这些发现都应通过在统计和分子分析中增加更多种类来证实。根据我们的结果，尽管存在一些与物种采样以及字符的选择和编纂相关的潜在偏见，但我们得出的结论是，正如最近的分子研究所证明的那样，许多传统定义的亚族和众多属的限制重新评估以描述单一系统实体。