Carbon-rich shungite-based WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The morphological, structural, optical and physical features of the catalysts were characterized by XPS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and UV–Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic performance of the catalysts was investigated for the degradation of Orange II dye and pharmaceuticals under UV-A irradiation. SEM images show that the shungite surface is completely covered with WO₃/TiO₂ particles. Raman and XPS analyses demonstrate that the carbon-rich shungite is well-incorporated with the WO₃ and TiO₂. UV–Vis DRS indicates enhanced visible-light absorption and a lowered band gap (2.83 eV) for the catalysts. The degradation degree of Orange II increases with increasing shungite ratio, which is ascribed to a combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis, and the improved light absorption and easy transfer of photogenerated holes and electrons across the interface of W/Ti. Mechanism studies indicate that the π–π conjugation between a dye molecule and the aromatic bonds of carbon materials are more dominant rather than columbic interactions, and that •is the main species in Orange II degradation. However, the Orange II degradation efficiency is lowered in drinking water due to the photo-generated hole (h⁺)-scavenging effects by organic matter and salts and their competing adsorption with the target pollutant in the active sites on the catalyst surface. This work provides a possible use of the carbon-rich shungite as a natural carbon resource for the fabrication of carbon-based photocatalysts.

采用溶剂热法合成了富碳的菱铁矿基WO ₃ / TiO ₂催化剂。通过XPS，FTIR，拉曼光谱，SEM和UV-Vis漫反射光谱（DRS）表征了催化剂的形态，结构，光学和物理特征。研究了催化剂在UV-A辐射下降解Orange II染料和药物的光催化性能。SEM图像显示，钨矿表面完全被WO ₃ / TiO ₂颗粒覆盖。拉曼和XPS分析表明，富碳的钨矿与WO ₃和TiO _{2结合良好}。UV-Vis DRS表明催化剂的可见光吸收增强，带隙降低（2.83 eV）。Orange II的降解程度随钨矿比例的增加而增加，这归因于吸附和光催化的共同作用，以及光吸收性的提高以及光生空穴和电子在W / Ti界面上的容易转移。机理研究表明，染料分子与碳材料的芳族键之间的π-π共轭作用比支配作用更重要，而这是Orange II降解的主要种类。但是，由于光生空穴，饮用水中的Orange II降解效率降低（h ⁺有机物和盐的清除作用以及它们与目标污染物在催化剂表面活性位点上的竞争性吸附作用。这项工作提供了可能将富含碳的钨矿用作天然碳资源，用于制造基于碳的光催化剂。