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Speleothems of the granite Gobholo Cave in EEswatini
Journal of African Earth Sciences ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103986
Michal Filippi , Jiří Bruthans , Roman Skála , Noemi Mészárosová

Abstract The Gobholo Cave is one of the ten worldʼs largest granite caves (and the longest on the African continent), abound with relatively rich speleothem deposits. For the first time, a set of instrumental techniques (XRD, SEM/EDS, Raman micro-spectroscopy) was used to characterize the speleothems and also waters (ICP-OES) from which these speleothems have been deposited. Several types of speleothems (and sedimentary fill) were distinguished and studied: “muddy” flowstone, coralloids, black coatings. The results show that the mass of all studied speleothems is amorphous with a variable chemical composition. Therefore, the speleothems are rather natural substances than mineral species. Four main groups of substances were distinguished, based on their general chemistry: i) Al-rich substances close to gibbsite composition, ii) Al + Si-rich substances close to allophane composition, iii) Si-rich substances close to opal-A composition, and iv) Mn-rich substances (unspecified Mn oxyhydroxides). Although the samples are nearly amorphous, poorly crystalline gibbsite and birnessite were found to be possibly present. Based on Raman spectroscopy, strongly altered kerogen was detected in some Al + Si-rich samples. Raman data indicate that the growth of Gobholo speleothems is most probably tightly related to the activity of microorganisms. Based on collected instrumental data, the problematic issue of “mineral” pigotite (a substance commonly referred to from granite caves but only vaguely defined) is critically discussed in the paper.

中文翻译:

埃斯瓦蒂尼 (EEswatini) 花岗岩 Gobholo 洞穴的洞穴

摘要 Gobholo 洞穴是世界十大花岗岩洞穴之一(也是非洲大陆最长的洞穴),盛产相对丰富的洞穴。首次使用一组仪器技术(XRD、SEM/EDS、拉曼显微光谱)来表征洞穴和沉积这些洞穴的水(ICP-OES)。对几种类型的洞穴(和沉积填充物)进行了区分和研究:“泥状”流石、珊瑚石、黑色涂层。结果表明,所有研究的洞穴植物的质量都是无定形的,化学成分可变。因此,洞穴植物更像是天然物质而不是矿物物种。根据它们的一般化学性质区分了四类主要物质:i) 接近三水铝石成分的富铝物质,ii) 接近水铝石成分的富含 Al + Si 的物质,iii) 接近蛋白石-A 成分的富含 Si 的物质,以及 iv) 富含 Mn 的物质(未指定的 Mn 羟基氧化物)。尽管样品几乎是无定形的,但发现可能存在结晶性差的三水铝石和水钠铝石。基于拉曼光谱,在一些富含 Al + Si 的样品中检测到强烈改变的干酪根。拉曼数据表明,Gobholo speleothems 的生长很可能与微生物的活动密切相关。根据收集到的仪器数据,本文批判性地讨论了“矿物”铅黄(一种通常从花岗岩洞穴中提及但定义模糊的物质)的问题。iv) 富含 Mn 的物质(未指定的 Mn 羟基氧化物)。尽管样品几乎是无定形的,但发现可能存在结晶性差的三水铝石和水钠铝石。基于拉曼光谱,在一些富含 Al + Si 的样品中检测到强烈改变的干酪根。拉曼数据表明,Gobholo speleothems 的生长很可能与微生物的活动密切相关。根据收集到的仪器数据,本文批判性地讨论了“矿物”铅黄(一种通常从花岗岩洞穴中提及但定义模糊的物质)的问题。iv) 富含 Mn 的物质(未指定的 Mn 羟基氧化物)。尽管样品几乎是无定形的,但发现可能存在结晶性差的三水铝石和水钠铝石。基于拉曼光谱,在一些富含 Al + Si 的样品中检测到强烈改变的干酪根。拉曼数据表明,Gobholo speleothems 的生长很可能与微生物的活动密切相关。根据收集到的仪器数据,本文批判性地讨论了“矿物”铅黄(一种通常从花岗岩洞穴中提及但定义模糊的物质)的问题。拉曼数据表明,Gobholo speleothems 的生长很可能与微生物的活动密切相关。根据收集到的仪器数据,本文批判性地讨论了“矿物”铅黄(一种通常从花岗岩洞穴中提及但定义模糊的物质)的问题。拉曼数据表明,Gobholo speleothems 的生长很可能与微生物的活动密切相关。根据收集到的仪器数据,本文批判性地讨论了“矿物”铅黄(一种通常从花岗岩洞穴中提及但定义模糊的物质)的问题。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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