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Step-over fault zones controlling geothermal fluid-flow and travertine formation (Denizli Basin, Turkey)
Geothermics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101941
Andrea Brogi , M. Cihat Alçiçek , Domenico Liotta , Enrico Capezzuoli , Martina Zucchi , Paola Francesca Matera

Abstract In the Honalilar area (Denizli Basin, Turkey), the occurrence of banded Ca-carbonate veins and travertine deposits, represented by a dismantled fissure ridge-type depositional system, are the evidence of a middle-late Pleistocene exhumed, shallow, hydrothermal system. Their occurrence offers the best opportunity to: (i) reconstruct the fluid paths from the underground to the palaeo-surface, and (ii) analyse the role of fault zones in controlling the permeability and fluids circulation. Permeability developed in overstepping regional scale normal faults, with a slight left-lateral oblique-slip component. At the surface, faults favored the localization and development of a fissure ridge-type travertine deposit. At depth, the root of the hydrothermal system consists of W-E oriented fractures filled of up to 6.5 m thick Ca-carbonate veins, developed in a high dilatation zone. It corresponds to the step-over determined by the oblique-slip kinematics of the NW-striking main faults. The high dilatation step-over zone contrasted the progressive sealing induced by the concomitant Ca-carbonate deposition within the fractures, thus favoring permeability maintenance and fluids circulation for at least 200 ka. This evidence adds key inputs for predicting permeable volumes during geothermal exploration in areas affected by extensional tectonics. The main NW-oriented faults remained active even after the hydrothermal fluid flow, causing the dismantlement and progressive exhumation of the upper part of the hydrothermal system.

中文翻译:

控制地热流体流动和钙华形成的跨越断层带(代尼兹利盆地,土耳其)

摘要 在 Honalilar 地区(土耳其代尼兹利盆地),以裂隙脊型沉积体系为代表的条带状碳酸钙矿脉和钙华矿床的出现是中晚更新世挖出的浅层热液系统的证据。 . 它们的出现提供了最好的机会:(i) 重建从地下到古地表的流体路径,以及 (ii) 分析断层带在控制渗透率和流体循环中的作用。渗透性在越过区域尺度正断层中发育,具有轻微的左旋斜滑分量。在地表,断层有利于裂隙脊型钙华矿床的定位和发育。在深处,热液系统的根部由 WE 定向的裂缝组成,其中填充了 6.5 m 厚的碳酸钙脉,发育于高膨胀区。它对应于由 NW 走向的主断层的斜滑运动学确定的跨距。高膨胀跨越区与裂缝内伴随的碳酸钙沉积引起的渐进密封形成对比,因此有利于渗透率维持和流体循环至少 200 ka。这一证据为在受伸展构造影响的地区进行地热勘探期间预测渗透量增加了关键输入。即使在热液流体流动之后,主要的 NW 向断层仍然活跃,导致热液系统上部的拆除和逐步剥露。高膨胀跨越区与裂缝内伴随的碳酸钙沉积引起的渐进密封形成对比,因此有利于渗透率维持和流体循环至少 200 ka。这一证据为在受伸展构造影响的地区进行地热勘探期间预测渗透量增加了关键输入。即使在热液流体流动之后,主要的 NW 向断层仍然活跃,导致热液系统上部的拆除和逐步剥露。高膨胀跨越区与裂缝内伴随的碳酸钙沉积引起的渐进密封形成对比,因此有利于渗透率维持和流体循环至少 200 ka。这一证据为在受伸展构造影响的地区进行地热勘探期间预测渗透量增加了关键输入。即使在热液流体流动之后,主要的 NW 向断层仍然活跃,导致热液系统上部的拆除和逐步剥露。这一证据为在受伸展构造影响的地区进行地热勘探期间预测渗透量增加了关键输入。即使在热液流体流动之后,主要的 NW 向断层仍然活跃,导致热液系统上部的拆除和逐步剥露。这一证据为在受伸展构造影响的地区进行地热勘探期间预测渗透量增加了关键输入。即使在热液流体流动之后,主要的 NW 向断层仍然活跃,导致热液系统上部的拆除和逐步剥露。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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