The human brain is born with a certain maturity, but quantitatively measuring the maturation and development of functional brain activity in neonates remains a topic of vigorous scientific research, especially the dynamic characteristics. To address this, T1w, T2w, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 40 full-term healthy neonates and 38 adults were adopted in this study. Group differences of local brain activity and functional connectivity between neonates and adults from both static and dynamic perspectives were explored. We found that the neonatal brain is largely immature in general. Sensorimotor areas were the most active, well-connected, and temporally dynamic. Compared with adults, visual and primary auditory areas in neonates showed higher or similar local activity but lower static and dynamic connections with other brain regions. Our findings provide new references and valuable insights for time-varying and local brain functional activity in neonates.

人类大脑生来就具有一定的成熟度，但定量测量新生儿大脑功能活动的成熟和发展仍然是科学研究的热点，尤其是动态特征。为了解决这个问题，本研究采用了 40 名足月健康新生儿和 38 名成人的 T1w、T2w 和静息态功能磁共振成像 (rs-fMRI) 数据。从静态和动态角度探讨了新生儿和成人局部大脑活动和功能连接的群体差异。我们发现新生儿的大脑总体上还很不成熟。感觉运动区域是最活跃、连接良好且具有时间动态性的区域。与成人相比，新生儿的视觉和初级听觉区域表现出较高或相似的局部活动，但与其他大脑区域的静态和动态连接较低。我们的研究结果为新生儿时变和局部大脑功能活动提供了新的参考和有价值的见解。