Abstract In the current study, a porous 3D scaffold using Gallium-Apatite/chitin/pectin (Ga-HA/C/P) nanocomposites scaffolds (NCS) were fabricated by freeze-drying process with applications in orthopedics (bone tissue engineering). Various NCSs (0%, 30%, 50 and 70%) were prepared and characterized for its chemical structure, crystalline phase, surface texture by using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD and SEM-EDX, respectively. The analyses of physicochemical properties proved that the formulated scaffolds were highly porous, and mechanically stable with superior density. The nanocomposite scaffolds also presented with increased swelling ability, lower biodegradation rate and higher mechanical strength. Further, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Ga-HA/C/P nanocomposite scaffolds were studied using NIH3T3 cells and MG-63 cells revealed no toxicity and cells attached and proliferated on scaffolds. Further implantation of prepared NCS showed mature bone formation through formation of new bone cells and osteoblast differentiation. Also, Ga-HA/C/P nanocomposites scaffolds proved to be more effective than chitin-pectin composite scaffolds. Taking results together it can be inferred that the prepared nanocomposite scaffolds possesses the prerequisites and showed great potential for treating orthopedic applications.

中文翻译：

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多孔纳米矿物质取代磷灰石/甲壳素/果胶纳米复合材料支架用于软骨组织工程

摘要 在目前的研究中，使用镓-磷灰石/甲壳素/果胶 (Ga-HA/C/P) 纳米复合材料支架 (NCS) 的多孔 3D 支架通过冷冻干燥工艺制造，并应用于骨科（骨组织工程）。通过使用各种技术，如 FT-IR、XRD 和 SEM-EDX，分别制备了各种 NCS（0%、30%、50 和 70%）并对其化学结构、晶相、表面纹理进行了表征。理化性质的分析证明，配制的支架具有高度多孔性、机械稳定性和优异的密度。纳米复合支架还具有更高的溶胀能力、更低的生物降解率和更高的机械强度。更多，使用 NIH3T3 细胞研究 Ga-HA/C/P 纳米复合支架的生物相容性和细胞毒性，MG-63 细胞显示无毒性，细胞在支架上附着和增殖。进一步植入制备好的 NCS 显示通过形成新骨细胞和成骨细胞分化形成成熟的骨。此外，Ga-HA/C/P 纳米复合支架被证明比几丁质-果胶复合支架更有效。综合结果可以推断，所制备的纳米复合支架具备先决条件，并显示出治疗骨科应用的巨大潜力。Ga-HA/C/P 纳米复合支架被证明比几丁质-果胶复合支架更有效。综合结果可以推断，所制备的纳米复合支架具备先决条件，并显示出治疗骨科应用的巨大潜力。Ga-HA/C/P 纳米复合支架被证明比几丁质-果胶复合支架更有效。综合结果可以推断，所制备的纳米复合支架具备先决条件，并显示出治疗骨科应用的巨大潜力。