In Jordan, Salvia ceratophylla L. is traditionally used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and urinary disorders. This study aimed: (1) to chemically characterize S. ceratophylla essential oil (EO) from South Jordan, by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS); and (2) to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities of the EO, it’s predominant components, and the hexane (A), ethyl acetate (B), methanol (C) and crude-methanol extracts (D). The analysis revealed that the EO has 71 compounds, with linalool (54.8%) as main constituent. Only the hexane extract (A) showed some cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, LLC-PK1 and VERO cells lines with IC₅₀ between 60 and > 100 µg/mL. The EO inhibited NO production (IC₅₀ 90 µg/mL) and NF-κB activity (IC₅₀ 38 µg/mL). The extracts A, B, and D inhibited NO production and NF- κB activity with IC₅₀ between 32 and 150 µg/mL. Linalool considerably inhibited NO production (IC₅₀ 18 µg/mL). The extracts tested did not exhibit antileishmanial activity. Regarding antitrypanosomal activity, the EO exhibited significant results with IC₅₀ 2.65 µg/mL. In conclusion, Jordan S. ceratophylla EO represents a rich source of linalool and bears a promising therapeutic potential for further antitrypanosomal drug development.

在约旦，Salvia ceratophylla L.传统上用于治疗癌症，微生物感染和泌尿系统疾病。这项研究的目的是：（1）通过气相色谱法（GC）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对南约旦的啤酒花芥子油（EO ）进行化学表征；（2）在体外评估EO，其主要成分以及己烷（A），乙酸乙酯（B），甲醇（C）和粗甲醇提取物（D）的细胞毒性，抗炎和抗原生动物活性）。分析表明，EO具有71种化合物，其中芳樟醇（54.8％）为主要成分。仅己烷提取物（A）对带有IC _50的SK-MEL，KB，BT-549，SK-OV-3，LLC-PK1和VERO细胞系表现出一定的细胞毒性浓度在60至> 100 µg / mL之间。EO抑制NO生成（IC ₅₀ 90 µg / mL）和NF-κB活性（IC ₅₀ 38 µg / mL）。提取物A，B和D抑制NO生成和NF-κB活性，IC ₅₀为32至150 µg / mL。芳樟醇大大抑制了NO的产生（IC ₅₀ 18 µg / mL）。测试的提取物没有表现出抗菌活性。关于抗锥虫活性，EO的IC _50为2.65 µg / mL ，显示出显着结果。总之，Jordan S. ceratophylla EO代表了芳樟醇的丰富来源，并为进一步开发抗锥虫药物具有广阔的治疗潜力。