Bentonite used for drilling operations in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is mainly imported into the country. This project evaluated the efficiency of additives and their function in enhancing the rheological and flow properties of local bentonite clay, obtained from Ibule-soro in Ondo State, Nigeria. X-Ray diffraction analysis of clay samples from previous research around the study area indicated large amount of silica, alumina, and iron contents suggesting that the clays were kaolinite in nature. The clay samples were analyzed for their rheological properties and subsequently compared with the imported bentonite with American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications as standard. The results obtained showed that the local bentonite exhibited low viscosity and high filtration loss. Therefore, to enhance the quality of the clay, it was beneficiated with sodium carbonate (\({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\)) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Seven different formulations were made: (20 g of Imported bentonite), (20 g of local Bentonite Clay), (20 g of local Bentonite Clay + 3.3 g of \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\) + 10 g of CMC), (25 g of local Bentonite Clay + 4.2 g of \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\) + 10 g of CMC), (30 g of local Bentonite Clay + 5.0 g of \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\) + 10 g of CMC), (35 g of local Bentonite Clay + 5.8 g of \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\) + 10 g of CMC), and (40 g of local Bentonite Clay + 6.7 g of \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\) + 10 g of CMC).The addition of additives (CMC and \({\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}\)) reduced the calcium content via the cation exchange process and enhanced the rheological properties of the mud samples. The research work revealed that beneficiation of local bentonite with sodium carbonate, the addition of polymer (CMC), and an increase in clay concentration influenced the rheological and flow properties of mud samples. With proper beneficiation of local bentonite in Nigeria, they can be made suitable for drilling operations in the oil and gas industry.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚西南部翁多州部分地区评估粘土材料在钻井泥浆配方中的适用性

尼日利亚石油和天然气工业中用于钻井作业的膨润土主要进口到该国。该项目评估了添加剂的效率及其在增强当地膨润土黏土的流变性和流动性方面的功能，该黏土是从尼日利亚翁多州的Ibule-soro获得的。该研究区域周围先前研究的粘土样品的X射线衍射分析表明，二氧化硅，氧化铝和铁的含量很高，这表明该粘土本质上是高岭石。分析了粘土样品的流变特性，然后以美国石油协会（API）规格为标准，与进口的膨润土进行了比较。所得结果表明，局部膨润土显示出低粘度和高过滤损失。因此，要提高粘土的质量，\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \））和羧甲基纤维素（CMC）。制成了七种不同的配方：（20克进口膨润土），（20克当地膨润土粘土），（20克当地膨润土粘土+ 3.3克\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \）  + 10克CMC），（25克当地膨润土粘土+ 4.2克\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} __ { 3} \）  + 10克CMC），（30克当地膨润土粘土+ 5.0克\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \）  + 10克CMC），（35克当地膨润土粘土+ 5.8克\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \）  + 10克CMC），以及（40克当地膨润土粘土+ 6.7克\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \）  + 10克CMC）。添加添加剂（CMC和\（{\ text {Na}} _ {2} {\ text {CO}} _ {3} \））通过阳离子交换过程降低了钙含量，并提高了泥浆样品的流变性。研究工作表明，用碳酸钠对局部膨润土进行选矿，添加聚合物（CMC）以及增加粘土浓度会影响泥浆样品的流变性和流动性。通过对尼日利亚当地的膨润土进行适当的选矿，可以使其适合石油和天然气行业的钻井作业。