Although the clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has ushered in a new era of anti-tumor therapy, with sustained responses and significant survival advantages observed in multiple tumors, most patients do not benefit. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the identification and development of predictive biomarkers for the response of ICIs, and more in-depth and comprehensive understanding has been continuously explored in recent years. Predictive markers of ICIs efficacy have been gradually explored from the expression of intermolecular interactions within tumor cells to the expression of various molecules and cells in tumor microenvironment, and been extended to the exploration of circulating and host systemic markers. With the development of high-throughput sequencing and microarray technology, a variety of biomarker strategies have been deeply explored and gradually achieved the process from the identification of single marker to the development of multifactorial synergistic predictive markers. Comprehensive predictive-models developed by integrating different types of data based on different components of tumor-host interactions is the direction of future research and will have a profound impact in the field of precision immuno-oncology. In this review, we deeply analyze the exploration course and research progress of predictive biomarkers as an adjunctive tool to tumor immunotherapy in effectively identifying the efficacy of ICIs, and discuss their future directions in achieving precision immuno-oncology.

中文翻译：

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使用免疫检查点抑制剂进行癌症免疫治疗的预测性生物标志物。

尽管免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 疗法的临床发展开创了抗肿瘤治疗的新时代，在多种肿瘤中观察到持续的反应和显着的生存优势，但大多数患者并未受益。因此，越来越多的人关注识别和开发用于 ICIs 反应的预测性生物标志物，并且近年来不断探索更深入和全面的认识。ICIs疗效预测标志物的探索已从肿瘤细胞内分子间相互作用的表达到肿瘤微环境中各种分子和细胞的表达，逐步扩展到循环和宿主全身标志物的探索。随着高通量测序和微阵列技术的发展，对多种生物标志物策略进行了深入探索，逐步实现了从识别单一标志物到开发多因素协同预测标志物的过程。基于肿瘤-宿主相互作用的不同组成部分，整合不同类型的数据而开发的综合预测模型是未来研究的方向，将对精准免疫肿瘤学领域产生深远影响。在这篇综述中，我们深入分析了预测性生物标志物作为肿瘤免疫治疗辅助工具在有效识别 ICIs 疗效方面的探索历程和研究进展，并探讨了其在实现精准免疫肿瘤学方面的未来方向。