Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of cell-derived, lipid bilayer membrane composed vesicles, and some of them such as exosomes and ectosomes have been proven, playing remarkable roles in transmitting intercellular information, and being involved in each property of cell physiological activities. Nowadays, EVs are considered as potential nanocarriers which could partially resolve the problems of current chemotherapy because of their distinctive advantages. As endogenous membrane encompassed vesicles with nanosize, EVs are able to pass through the natural barriers with prolonged circulation time in vivo and have intrinsic cell targeting properties, they are less toxic, and less immunogenic. Recently, studies focusing on EV-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy have exploded dramatically. This review aims to outline the current applications of EVs as potential nanosized drug carriers in cancer therapy. Firstly, the characteristics and biofunctions of each EV subtype are described. Then the variety of therapeutic cargoes, the loading methods, and the targeting strategy of engineered EVs are emphatically introduced. Thereafter the pros and cons of EVs applied as therapeutic carriers, as well as the future prospects in this field, are discussed.

Keywords: Extracellular vesicles, exosomes, nano-sized carriers, tumor, drug delivery system


中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡-癌症治疗中的先进纳米载体：进展和成就。

摘要：细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一类由细胞​​衍生的脂质双层膜组成的囊泡，其中一些已被证实，如外泌体和外泌体，在传递细胞间信息方面起着显著作用，并参与了细胞生理活动的各个特性。如今，电动汽车由于其独特的优势而被认为是潜在的纳米载体，可以部分解决当前化学疗法的问题。由于内源性膜包含具有纳米尺寸的囊泡，因此电动车能够在体内延长循环时间通过天然屏障，并具有内在的细胞靶向特性，因此毒性较小，免疫原性较低。近来，针对基于EV的用于癌症治疗的药物输送系统的研究急剧发展。这篇综述旨在概述电动汽车作为潜在的纳米药物载体在癌症治疗中的当前应用。首先，描述每种EV亚型的特征和生物功能。然后重点介绍了治疗用货物的种类，装载方法以及工程化电动汽车的瞄准策略。此后，讨论了用作治疗载体的电动汽车的利弊，以及该领域的未来前景。

关键词：细胞外囊泡，外泌体，纳米载体，肿瘤，药物递送系统