The present study attempted to investigate the trends of mean annual temperature, precipitation, and streamflow changes to determine their relationships in the upper Huai river basin. The Mann–Kendall (MK), Sen’s slope test estimator, and innovative trend detection (ф) (ITA) methods were used to detect the trends. According to the findings, average annual precipitation shows a descending trend (ф = −0.17) in most stations. An increasing trend was found only in Fuyang station (ф = 1.02). In all stations, the trends of mean annual temperature (ф = 0.36) were abruptly increased. During the past 57 years, the mean air temperature has considerably increased by 12°C/10a. The river streamflow showed a dramatic declining trend in all stations for the duration of the study period (1960–2016) (ф = −4.29). The climate variability in the study region affects the quantity of the streamflow. The river streamflow exhibits decreasing trends from 1965 onwards. The main possible reason for the declining stream flow in the study area is the declining amount of precipitation on some specific months due to the occurrence of climate change. The outcomes of this study could create awareness for the policymakers and members of the scientific community, informing them about the hydroclimatic evolutions across the study basin, and become an inordinate resource for advanced scientific research.

中文翻译：

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淮河流域上游气候气候变化趋势：水资源管理对缓解气候变化的启示

本研究试图调查年平均温度，降水和流量变化的趋势，以确定它们在淮河流域上游的关系。使用Mann–Kendall（MK），Sen的斜率测试估计器和创新的趋势检测（ф）（ITA）方法来检测趋势。根据调查结果， 大多数站的年平均降水量呈下降趋势（ф = -0.17）。仅在阜阳站发现了增加趋势（ф  = 1.02）。在所有站点中，年平均温度趋势（ф = 0.36）突然增加。在过去的57年中，平均气温已大幅上升12°C / 10a。在研究期间（1960–2016年），所有站点的河流流量均呈急剧下降的趋势（ф = −4.29）。研究区域的气候多变性会影响水流量。从1965年开始，河流流量呈下降趋势。研究区域内流量减少的主要原因可能是由于气候变化的发生，在某些特定月份降水量减少。这项研究的结果可以提高决策者和科学界成员的意识，使他们了解整个研究盆地的水文气候演变，并成为高级科学研究的重要资源。