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Beyond Stretchability: Strength, Toughness, and Elastic Range in Semiconducting Polymers
Chemistry of Materials ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03019 Alexander X. Chen 1 , Andrew T. Kleinschmidt 1 , Kartik Choudhary 1 , Darren J. Lipomi 1
Chemistry of Materials ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03019 Alexander X. Chen 1 , Andrew T. Kleinschmidt 1 , Kartik Choudhary 1 , Darren J. Lipomi 1
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Essentially all research done to date on the mechanical properties of polymeric semiconductors (e.g., for organic photovoltaics and thin-film transistors) has had the underlying goal of increasing the “stretchability”: that is, the deformability and softness. However, softness is the wrong characteristic for many of the applications envisioned for organic semiconductors, including touch screens, chemical sensors, and many distributed sources of solar energy at risk of damage by indentation, scratching, and abrasion. A focus on modulus and ultimate extensibility—i.e., properties characteristic of “stretchability”—at the expense of strength, toughness, and elastic range—i.e., properties characteristic of hardness and resilience—leaves many potentially lucrative applications on the table. For example, in the field of organic photovoltaics, applications in which materials can be integrated into surfaces already modified by human artifacts (e.g., rooftops, roads, and painted outdoor surfaces) comprise a much greater potential source of renewable energy than the niche uses envisioned for highly ductile devices (e.g., portable and wearable solar cells). Here, we examine the published mechanical behavior of a range of π-conjugated (semiconducting) polymers (both donor–acceptor polymers and homopolymers) and investigate some of the molecular characteristics associated with strength, toughness, and elastic range. In particular, we extract these quantities from published measurements performed using pseudo-free-standing tensile tests (“film-on-water,” FOW). The principal criterion for inclusion in our analysis is that at least one characteristic of the molecular structure (e.g., side-chain length, regioregularity, degree of polymerization, length of aliphatic spacer units, and ratio of semiconducting to insulating blocks in copolymers) is varied systematically by chemical synthesis. In doing so, it is possible to isolate the effects of these aspects of the chemical structure on the strength, toughness, and elastic range, even if these relationships were not reported in the primary literature.
中文翻译：
超越可拉伸性：半导体聚合物的强度，韧性和弹性范围
迄今为止，基本上所有有关聚合物半导体机械性能的研究（例如，用于有机光伏和薄膜晶体管的研究）的根本目标都是提高“可拉伸性”：即可变形性和柔软性。但是，对于许多有机半导体应用而言，柔软性是错误的特性，包括触摸屏，化学传感器和许多分散的太阳能资源，这些应用都有压痕，刮擦和磨损的危险。专注于模量和最终可延展性（即“可拉伸性”的特性）（以强度，韧性和弹性范围为代价）（即硬度和回弹力的特性）为代价，在工作台上带来了许多潜在的有利可图的应用。例如，在有机光伏领域，可以将材料整合到已经被人为因素修饰的表面（例如，屋顶，道路和粉刷的室外表面）中的应用程序，其可再生能源的潜在来源比针对高度延展性设备（例如便携式和可穿戴设备）所设想的利基用途要大得多太阳能电池）。在这里，我们检查了一系列π共轭（半导体）聚合物（供体-受体聚合物和均聚物）的已公开机械性能，并研究了一些与强度，韧性和弹性范围相关的分子特性。特别是，我们从使用伪独立式拉伸试验（“水膜”，FOW）进行的公开测量中提取这些量。纳入我们分析的主要标准是分子结构的至少一个特征（例如，侧链的长度，区域规则性，聚合度，脂族间隔基单元的长度以及共聚物中半导体与绝缘嵌段的比例）可以通过化学合成系统地改变。这样，即使主要文献中未报告这些关系，也有可能隔离出化学结构这些方面对强度，韧性和弹性范围的影响。
更新日期：2020-09-22
中文翻译：
超越可拉伸性：半导体聚合物的强度，韧性和弹性范围
迄今为止，基本上所有有关聚合物半导体机械性能的研究（例如，用于有机光伏和薄膜晶体管的研究）的根本目标都是提高“可拉伸性”：即可变形性和柔软性。但是，对于许多有机半导体应用而言，柔软性是错误的特性，包括触摸屏，化学传感器和许多分散的太阳能资源，这些应用都有压痕，刮擦和磨损的危险。专注于模量和最终可延展性（即“可拉伸性”的特性）（以强度，韧性和弹性范围为代价）（即硬度和回弹力的特性）为代价，在工作台上带来了许多潜在的有利可图的应用。例如，在有机光伏领域，可以将材料整合到已经被人为因素修饰的表面（例如，屋顶，道路和粉刷的室外表面）中的应用程序，其可再生能源的潜在来源比针对高度延展性设备（例如便携式和可穿戴设备）所设想的利基用途要大得多太阳能电池）。在这里，我们检查了一系列π共轭（半导体）聚合物（供体-受体聚合物和均聚物）的已公开机械性能，并研究了一些与强度，韧性和弹性范围相关的分子特性。特别是，我们从使用伪独立式拉伸试验（“水膜”，FOW）进行的公开测量中提取这些量。纳入我们分析的主要标准是分子结构的至少一个特征（例如，侧链的长度，区域规则性，聚合度，脂族间隔基单元的长度以及共聚物中半导体与绝缘嵌段的比例）可以通过化学合成系统地改变。这样，即使主要文献中未报告这些关系，也有可能隔离出化学结构这些方面对强度，韧性和弹性范围的影响。
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