The study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (MMHAC) partially replacing inorganic trace minerals in sow diets on epigenetic and transcriptional changes in muscle and jejunum of progeny. The MMHAC is zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) chelated with methionine hydroxy analogue (Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-MHAC). On d 35 of gestation, 60 pregnant sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized completed block design using parity as a block: (1) ITM: inorganic trace minerals with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), manganese oxide (MnO), and copper sulfate (CuSO4) and (2) CTM: 50% of ITM was replaced with MMHAC (MINTREXtrace minerals, Novus International Inc., St Charles, MO). Gestation and lactation diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements. On d 1 and 18 of lactation, milk samples from 16 sows per treatment were collected to measure immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and micromineral concentrations. Two pigs per litter were selected to collect blood to measure the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum, and then euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa, jejunum tissues, and longissimus muscle to measure global DNA methylation, histone acetylation, cytokines, and jejunal histomorphology at birth and d 18 of lactation. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED of SAS. Supplementation of MMHAC tended to decrease (P = 0.059) body weight (BW) loss of sows during lactation and tended to increase (P = 0.098) piglet BW on d 18 of lactation. Supplementation of MMHAC increased (P < 0.05) global histone acetylation and tended to decrease myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) (P = 0.068) and delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid1 (DEGS1) mRNA (P = 0.086) in longissimus muscle of piglets at birth. Supplementation of MMHAC decreased (P < 0.05) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA in the jejunum and DEGS1 mRNA in longissimus muscle, and tended to decrease mucin-2 (MUC2) mRNA (P = 0.057) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA (P = 0.057) in the jejunum of piglets on d 18 of lactation. There were, however, no changes in the amounts of TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-β, MUC2, and MYF6 in the tissues by MMHAC. In conclusion, maternal supplementation of MMHAC could contribute to histone acetylation and programming in the fetus, which potentially regulates intestinal health and skeletal muscle development of piglets at birth and weaning, possibly leading to enhanced growth of their piglets.

中文翻译：

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母猪日粮中蛋氨酸矿物质羟基类似物螯合物对表观遗传修饰和子代生长的影响。

进行该研究以确定蛋氨酸矿物质蛋氨酸羟基类似物螯合物（MMHAC）部分替代母猪日粮中的无机微量矿物质对子代肌肉和空肠表观遗传和转录变化的影响。MMHAC是与蛋氨酸羟基类似物（Zn-，Mn-和Cu-MHAC）螯合的锌（Zn），锰（Mn）和铜（Cu）。在妊娠的第35天，以胎次作为一个区块，以随机完整的区块设计将60只妊娠母猪分配给2种饮食治疗：（1）ITM：无机微量矿物质，包括硫酸锌（ZnSO4），氧化锰（MnO）和铜硫酸盐（CuSO4）和（2）CTM：50％的ITM被MMHAC（MINTREXtrace矿物，Novus International Inc.，圣查尔斯，密苏里州）代替。妊娠期和哺乳期饮食的配制满足或超过了NRC的要求。在哺乳期的第1和18天，每次处理收集16头母猪的牛奶样品，以测量免疫球蛋白（IgG，IgA和IgM）和微量矿物质浓度。每窝选择两只猪收集血液以测量血清中免疫球蛋白的浓度，然后安乐死收集空肠黏膜，空肠组织和最长肌，以测量出生和出生时的整体DNA甲基化，组蛋白乙酰化，细胞因子和空肠组织形态。哺乳期d 18。使用SAS的Proc MIXED分析数据。哺乳期间补充MMHAC倾向于减少（P = 0.059）母猪体重（BW），并且在哺乳第18天倾向于增加（P = 0.098）仔猪体重。补充MMHAC可增加（P <0.05）整体组蛋白乙酰化作用，并倾向于降低成肌调节因子4（MRF4）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）（P = 0。068）和仔猪长肌中的delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid1（DEGS1）mRNA（P = 0.086）。补充MMHAC可使空肠中核因子κB（NF-κB）mRNA的表达降低（P <0.05），最长肌中DEGS1的mRNA降低，并倾向于降低mucin-2（MUC2）的mRNA表达（P = 0.057）和转化生长因子β。哺乳第18天仔猪空肠中1（TGF-β1）mRNA（P = 0.057）。然而，MMHAC在组织中的TNF-α，IL-8，TGF-β，MUC2和MYF6的含量没有变化。总之，母体补充MMHAC可能有助于胎儿的组蛋白乙酰化和程序化，这可能会调节出生和断奶仔猪的肠道健康和骨骼肌发育，可能导致仔猪生长增强。