Abstract The occurrence of end moraines reflects the dynamics of an ice sheet, and their inner structure is determined by processes taking place in marginal zones. In the southern part of the Kłodawa Upland of Central Poland, such moraines were formed, but opinions conflict as to their origin, including the influence of local transgression of the ice sheet, as well as its areal and frontal recession. The primary aim of this article is to analyse the inner structure of forms to define the dynamic state of the Warta Stadial ice sheet of the Odra Glaciation (Saalian). The conducted research includes fieldwork at four key sites, where lithofacial analysis was performed, as well as a geomorphological and geological mapping that included two cross-sections in greater detail. In exposures, the work focused on deformed structures of sediments. Description of key sites was extended by the creation and the analysis of general geological cross-sections. Considering the results of the research, the Kutno end moraines should not be classified as push moraines – they were revealed to be accumulative in character.

中文翻译：

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波兰中部 Kłodawa 高地 Warta Stadial 冰盖衰退阶段的端碛结构和动力学

摘要 端碛的出现反映了冰盖的动态变化，其内部结构是由边缘区发生的过程决定的。在波兰中部的克沃达瓦高地的南部，形成了这样的冰碛，但关于它们的起源，包括冰盖局部侵入的影响，以及它的面积和锋面退缩的影响，意见不一。本文的主要目的是分析形态的内部结构，以定义奥德拉冰川（Saalian）的 Warta Stadial 冰盖的动态状态。进行的研究包括在四个关键地点进行的实地工作，在那里进行了岩面分析，以及更详细地包括两个横截面的地貌和地质绘图。在暴露方面，工作重点是沉积物的变形结构。通过创建和分析一般地质剖面来扩展关键地点的描述。考虑到研究结果，Kutno 端冰碛不应被归类为推动冰碛——它们被揭示为具有累积性。