This study put forward the inequality issues in modern residential energy consumption from both income and spatial viewpoints, with special regard to the Indonesian case. Energy inequality was viewed from the perspective of energy justice in both distribution and recognition. This study employed qualitative analysis with Theil’s, Gini, and mixed-Gini index methods. The energy usage inequalities have declined, both overall and by the dimensions of spatial and income levels, except in urban areas. However, this paper found that some groups were susceptible to fall into energy-poor, especially residents in rural areas, remote areas, and eastern Indonesia. Besides improving a more stable electricity grid, the government should continue the energy-saving solar lighting (LTSHE) program and promote small-scale decentralized technologies. LPG distribution should be improved. A program such as the cheap clean stove needs to be developed to reach those without access to clean cooking fuel.

这项研究从收入和空间角度提出了现代住宅能源消耗中的不平等问题，并特别考虑了印度尼西亚的情况。在分配和承认方面，从能源正义的角度看待能源不平等。本研究采用Theil's，Gini和Mixed-Gini指数方法进行定性分析。能源使用的不平等在总体上以及在空间和收入水平的维度上都在下降，城市地区除外。但是，本文发现某些群体容易陷入能源匮乏的境地，特别是农村地区，偏远地区和印度尼西亚东部的居民。除了改善更稳定的电网，政府还应继续执行节能太阳能照明（LTSHE）计划，并推广小型分散式技术。液化石油气的分布应予改善。需要开发诸如廉价清洁炉灶之类的程序，以覆盖那些无法获得清洁烹饪燃料的人。