Abstract

Biomass consumption, energy performance of cookstoves and emission factor of cattle dung cake, used as a main source of energy, in EIGP was evaluated. Average biomass consumption was recorded as 2.46 kg/capita/day indicating 1.5-fold higher fuel consumption in the region compared to other parts of the country. Use of improved cookstove could, however, save 13% biomass use compared to traditional stove besides 32.5 kJ of energy for cooking of one kg of food. On average, 56.70–67.75 kJ of human energy is required to prepare one kg of cattle dung cake. Of the total energy requirements, women folk contribute the maximum (>45%), followed by male counterpart (>30%) and rest is shared by children of 9–12 years of age. Labour energy expenditure was, however, significantly low for cattle dung cake preparation compared to energy involved in firewood collection. Emission factors for hazardous gaseous pollutants ranged from 464.30–548.80, 19.1–34.30 and 0.981–1.455 g/kg, respectively, for CO₂, CO and HC. With increasing ratio of crop biomass, the emission factor for CO₂ decreased, irrespective of biomass used. Based on the biomass consumption and emission factors for pollutants, lentil stalk and paddy straw have been found suitable substrate for cattle dung cake preparation.

摘要

评估了EIGP中用作主要能源的生物量消耗，炊具的能量性能和牛粪饼的排放因子。据记录，平均生物质消耗量为2.46公斤/人均/天，表明该地区的燃料消耗量是该国其他地区的1.5倍。但是，与传统灶具相比，使用改进的灶具可以节省13％的生物质能，除了32.5 kJ的能量可烹饪一公斤食品。制备一公斤牛粪饼平均需要56.70-67.75 kJ人的能量。在总能量需求中，女性最多（> 45％），其次是男性（> 30％），其余的则由9至12岁的儿童共享。但是，劳动力能源支出为 与收集柴火所消耗的能量相比，牛粪饼制备的能量明显较低。二氧化碳的有害气体污染物排放因子分别为464.30-548.80、19.1-34.30和0.981-1.455 g / kg₂，CO和HC。随着作物生物量比例的增加，无论使用何种生物量，CO ₂的排放因子均降低。根据生物质的消耗量和污染物的排放因子，发现扁豆茎和稻草是牛粪饼制备的合适基质。