This work explores the opportunities to address the setback in thermal energy storage of solar-based water heaters by uniting it with a suitable hybrid-nano composite phase change material (HNCPCM) in a static mode of operation. The experiments were conducted on a natural circulation all-glass evacuated solar water heating system (AGSWH). The investigation was steered in five cases such that the first case without any phase change material (PCM), the second with pure paraffin as PCM, and remaining three cases with three different mass percentage of HNCPCMs (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% mass fraction of hybrid nanoparticles within PCM) in real-time solar exposure. The system was analyzed based on the first and second law of thermodynamics to assess the performance in all the five cases. Erstwhile, the hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by blending equal mass of SiO₂ and CeO₂ nanoparticles and characterized to gauge its thermal storage properties. The achieved results substantiated that the thermal conductivity had boosted with the accumulation of hybrid nanoparticles within the paraffin matrix, and maximum enhancement of 65.56% was attained with 2.0% mass fraction. The first law and second law investigations revealed that the incorporation of hybrid-nano composites improved the energy and exergy content of the system, distinctly. Among the experimented cases, HNCPCM with 1.0 mass% of hybrid nanoparticles remarkably yielded a better result of 19.4% and 1.28% improvement in energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively. Besides, it evidenced the necessity of choosing the right quantity of nanoparticles for achieving better overall results.

这项工作探索了通过将其与合适的混合纳米复合相变材料（HNCPCM）以静态操作模式组合在一起的方式来解决太阳能热水器热能存储中的挫折的机会。实验是在自然循环全玻璃真空太阳能热水系统（AGSWH）上进行的。对5个案例进行了调查，第一个案例中没有任何相变材料（PCM），第二个案例中使用纯石蜡作为PCM，其余三个案例中HNCPCM的质量百分比为三种（0.5％，1.0％和2.0％）实时太阳光照射下PCM中混合纳米颗粒的质量分数）。基于热力学第一定律和第二定律对系统进行了分析，以评估所有五种情况下的性能。以前₂和CeO ₂纳米颗粒，并对其量热特性进行了表征。所获得的结果证实，随着杂化纳米颗粒在石蜡基质中的积累，热导率得到了提高，质量分数为2.0％时，最大导热率达到65.56％。第一定律和第二定律研究表明，杂化纳米复合材料的加入明显改善了系统的能量和火用含量。在实验案例中，含有1.0质量％杂化纳米粒子的HNCPCM分别在能量和火用效率上分别产生了19.4％和1.28％的更好结果。此外，它证明了选择正确数量的纳米颗粒以获得更好的整体效果的必要性。