ABSTRACT

Introduction

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes high mortality in humans. No vaccines are approved for use in humans; therefore, a consistent effort to develop safe and effective MERS vaccines is needed.

Areas covered

This review describes the structure of MERS-CoV and the function of its proteins, summarizes MERS vaccine candidates under preclinical study (based on spike and non-spike structural proteins, inactivated virus, and live-attenuated virus), and highlights potential problems that could prevent these vaccines entering clinical trials. It provides guidance for the development of safe and effective MERS-CoV vaccines.

Expert opinion

Although many MERS-CoV vaccines have been developed, most remain at the preclinical stage. Some vaccines demonstrate immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models, while others have potential adverse effects or low efficacy against high-dose or divergent virus strains. Novel strategies are needed to design safe and effective MERS vaccines to induce broad-spectrum immune responses and improve protective efficacy against multiple strains of MERS-CoV and MERS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential. More funds should be invested to move vaccine candidates into human clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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临床前研究中中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒疫苗的概述。

摘要

介绍

中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (MERS-CoV) 导致人类高死亡率。没有疫苗被批准用于人类；因此，需要持续努力开发安全有效的 MERS 疫苗。

覆盖区域

本综述描述了 MERS-CoV 的结构及其蛋白质的功能，总结了临床前研究中的 MERS 候选疫苗（基于刺突和非刺突结构蛋白、灭活病毒和减毒活病毒），并强调了可能存在的潜在问题阻止这些疫苗进入临床试验。它为开发安全有效的 MERS-CoV 疫苗提供了指导。

专家意见

尽管已经开发了许多 MERS-CoV 疫苗，但大多数仍处于临床前阶段。一些疫苗在动物模型中显示出免疫原性和功效，而另一些疫苗对高剂量或不同病毒株具有潜在的副作用或低功效。需要新的策略来设计安全有效的 MERS 疫苗，以诱导广谱免疫反应并提高对多株 MERS-CoV 和具有大流行潜力的 MERS 样冠状病毒的保护功效。应投入更多资金将候选疫苗推向人体临床试验。