Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the possible protective effects of the aqueous extract of Thymus munbyanus (TMAE) against 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-induced oxidative stress and renal injury in the kidney of male albino rats. Furthermore, TMAE was assessed to determine the phenolic content. In vitro, antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, and reducing power. The results showed that TMAE contained high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Additionally, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, and three groups treated with TMAE (10 mL/kg body weight), 2,4-D (5 mg/kg body weight), and 2,4-D/combined with the TMAE for 4 weeks. Treatment with 2,4-D induced kidney dysfunctions demonstrated as an increase in the potential markers of renal filtration, namely urea and creatinine, associated with a decrease in uric acid. Moreover, 2,4-D increased malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein levels. Additionally, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that oral TMAE supplementation in 2,4-D-treated rats improved and restored some blood parameters and alleviated the adverse cytotoxic effects of 2,4-D by increasing certain antioxidants, consequently attenuating the intensity of oxidative stress induced by 2,4-D; this was confirmed by the histological improvements observed in the kidneys. In conclusion, TMAE demonstrated potential as a natural antioxidant, effectively alleviating 2,4-D induced kidney oxidative injury.

摘要

本研究的目的是检查百里香水提取物可能的保护作用(TMAE) 对抗 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸 (2,4-D) 诱导的雄性白化大鼠肾脏的氧化应激和肾损伤。此外，评估 TMAE 以确定酚含量。在体外，通过 DPPH 自由基清除、抑制 β-胡萝卜素漂白和还原能力来评估抗氧化活性。结果表明，TMAE 含有大量的酚类、类黄酮和单宁。此外，将 24 只大鼠随机分为四组：对照组和 TMAE（10 mL/kg 体重）、2,4-D（5 mg/kg 体重）和 2,4-D 治疗的三组/结合 TMAE 4 周。用 2,4-D 诱导的肾功能障碍治疗表明肾滤过的潜在标志物（即尿素和肌酐）增加，与尿酸减少有关。此外，2，4-D 增加丙二醛和羰基蛋白水平。此外，谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 含量降低，以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 活性显着降低。我们的研究结果表明，在 2,4-D 治疗的大鼠中口服 TMAE 补充剂可以改善和恢复一些血液参数，并通过增加某些抗氧化剂来减轻 2,4-D 的不良细胞毒性作用，从而减弱由 2, 4-D；在肾脏中观察到的组织学改善证实了这一点。总之，TMAE 显示出作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力，可有效减轻 2,4-D 诱导的肾脏氧化损伤。以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 的活性显着降低。我们的研究结果表明，在 2,4-D 治疗的大鼠中口服 TMAE 补充剂可以改善和恢复一些血液参数，并通过增加某些抗氧化剂来减轻 2,4-D 的不良细胞毒性作用，从而减弱由 2, 4-D；在肾脏中观察到的组织学改善证实了这一点。总之，TMAE 显示出作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力，可有效减轻 2,4-D 诱导的肾脏氧化损伤。以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 的活性显着降低。我们的研究结果表明，在 2,4-D 治疗的大鼠中口服 TMAE 补充剂可以改善和恢复一些血液参数，并通过增加某些抗氧化剂来减轻 2,4-D 的不良细胞毒性作用，从而减弱由 2, 4-D；在肾脏中观察到的组织学改善证实了这一点。总之，TMAE 显示出作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力，可有效减轻 2,4-D 诱导的肾脏氧化损伤。4-D处理的大鼠通过增加某些抗氧化剂改善和恢复一些血液参数并减轻2,4-D的不良细胞毒性作用，从而减弱2,4-D诱导的氧化应激强度；在肾脏中观察到的组织学改善证实了这一点。总之，TMAE 显示出作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力，可有效减轻 2,4-D 诱导的肾脏氧化损伤。4-D处理的大鼠通过增加某些抗氧化剂改善和恢复一些血液参数并减轻2,4-D的不良细胞毒性作用，从而减弱2,4-D诱导的氧化应激强度；在肾脏中观察到的组织学改善证实了这一点。总之，TMAE 显示出作为天然抗氧化剂的潜力，可有效减轻 2,4-D 诱导的肾脏氧化损伤。