The non‐flooding plastic film‐mulching cultivation (NFMC) is an important water‐saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) production technique for mountainous areas. Several studies indicated that this promising production system had positive effects on rice growth compared with the traditional flooding method. However, two obvious disadvantages need to be modified for its wider application: technical difficulties for mid‐season application of fertilizer and the observed loss of soil C. The solution for these problems may lead to enhanced and more sustainable rice production under NFMC conditions. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining straw biochar and controlled‐release urea with the NFMC system. The experimental design included two treatments of traditional flooded cultivation: (a) no N fertilizer; (b) urea alone; and four treatments under NFMC conditions: (a) no N fertilizer; (b) urea alone; (c) controlled‐release urea + urea; (d) a combination of straw biochar and controlled‐release urea + urea. Compared to a basal application of urea, controlled‐release urea plus urea together with straw biochar significantly increased rice grain yield and effective panicles. It also increased total biomass accumulation, the greenness of the leaves (SPAD value) and improved recovery efficiency of applied N. Our results show that the combination of controlled‐release urea and straw biochar can increase yield and N use efficiency of rice under NFMC conditions.

中文翻译：

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稻草生物炭和控释肥料对水稻非淹水产量的响应

不淹水的覆膜栽培是一种重要的节水水稻（水稻L.）山区生产技术。多项研究表明，与传统的淹水方法相比，这种有前途的生产系统对水稻生长具有积极影响。但是，为使其更广泛地应用，有两个明显的缺点需要加以修正：中期施肥的技术难题和观察到的土壤碳损失。解决这些问题可能会在NFMC条件下提高水稻产量并使其更具可持续性。进行了为期2年的田间试验，以评估将秸秆生物炭和控释尿素与NFMC系统结合使用的效果。实验设计包括传统水淹栽培的两种处理方法：（a）不施氮肥；（b）仅尿素；在NFMC条件下的四种处理方法是：（a）不施氮肥；（b）仅尿素；（c）控释尿素+尿素；（d）秸秆生物炭和控释尿素+尿素的组合。与尿素的基础施用相比，控释尿素加尿素与秸秆生物炭一起显着提高了水稻籽粒的产量和有效的穗数。它还增加了总生物量积累，叶片的绿色度（SPAD值）并提高了施用氮素的回收效率。我们的研究结果表明，控释尿素和秸秆生物炭的结合可以在NFMC条件下提高水稻的产量和氮素利用效率。