Recent advances indicate that periodontitis is driven by reciprocally reinforced interactions between a dysbiotic microbiome and dysregulated inflammation. Inflammation is not only a consequence of dysbiosis but, via mediating tissue dysfunction and damage, fuels further growth of selectively dysbiotic communities of bacteria (inflammophiles), thereby generating a self‐sustained feed‐forward loop that perpetuates the disease. These considerations provide a strong rationale for developing adjunctive host‐modulation therapies for the treatment of periodontitis. Such host‐modulation approaches aim to inhibit harmful inflammation and promote its resolution or to interfere directly with downstream effectors of connective tissue and bone destruction. This paper reviews diverse strategies targeted to modulate the host periodontal response and discusses their mechanisms of action, perceived safety, and potential for clinical application.

中文翻译：

---

目前对牙周病发病机制和宿主调节治疗靶点的理解。

最近的进展表明，牙周炎是由失调的微生物组和失调的炎症之间相互增强的相互作用驱动的。炎症不仅是生态失调的结果，而且通过介导组织功能障碍和损伤，促进选择性失调的细菌群落（炎性微生物）的进一步生长，从而产生一个自我维持的前馈循环，使疾病长期存在。这些考虑为开发用于治疗牙周炎的辅助宿主调节疗法提供了强有力的理由。这种宿主调节方法旨在抑制有害炎症并促进其消退或直接干扰结缔组织和骨骼破坏的下游效应器。