BACKGROUND Citrus aurantium L. (Aurantii fructus) is a multi-purpose citrus fruit with high medicinal and nutritional value, but currently there is no data that can be used to investigate its appropriate harvest time to obtain high-quality citrus bioactive ingredients. RESULTS Phytochemicals and levels of the main bioactive ingredients were investigated by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. The contents of flavanones, polymethoxyflavones, coumarins, synephrine, and limonin in citrus fruit were analyzed at different harvest periods, and significant differences ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 116.26 ± 40.20 g kg-1 (DW) were shown. These compounds were present in higher amounts in June and then decreased gradually, while biomass accumulation of most of them showed an increasing tendency along the harvest times. The H2 O2 -induced RIN-m5F cells model was employed to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. Citrus fruit harvested from June 11 to July 7 possessed an excellent antioxidant capacity by inhibiting the intensity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01) and improving superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) activities (p < 0.01). In addition, chemical compositions and antioxidant capacities of citrus leaves, stems, and roots were evaluated, and these showed great variation compared with citrus fruits. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that harvesting time was related closely to the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSION Citrus fruit can be appropriately harvested from June to early July when the levels of bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activity reach higher values. This research provides practical information for producing high-quality citrus products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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枳实不同采收期生物活性成分含量及对H 2 O 2 诱导的RIN-m5F细胞的抗氧化作用

背景技术枳壳（Aurantii fructus）是一种多用途柑橘类水果，具有较高的药用价值和营养价值，但目前尚无数据可用于考察其适宜的采收时间，以获得优质柑橘类生物活性成分。结果 通过 UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS 研究了植物化学物质和主要生物活性成分的含量。在不同采收期对柑橘类水果中黄烷酮、多甲氧基黄酮、香豆素、辛弗林和柠檬苦素的含量进行了分析，差异显着，范围为 0.03±0.01 至 116.26±40.20 g kg-1 (DW)。这些化合物在 6 月份以较高的量存在，然后逐渐减少，而其中大部分的生物量积累随着收获时间呈增加趋势。采用 H2O2 诱导的 RIN-m5F 细胞模型来评估它们的抗氧化能力。6月11日至7月7日收获的柑橘类水果通过抑制细胞内活性氧（ROS）的强度（p < 0.01），提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）的强度，具有优异的抗氧化能力活动（p < 0.01）。此外，还评估了柑橘叶、茎和根的化学成分和抗氧化能力，与柑橘类水果相比，这些变化很大。多变量统计分析表明，采收时间与植物化学成分和抗氧化能力密切相关。结论柑橘类水果在6～7月上旬生物活性成分含量和抗氧化活性达到较高值时适宜采收。该研究为生产优质柑橘产品提供了实用信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。