BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the chemical characteristics of mountainous forest cultivated ginseng (MFCG) and garden ginseng (GG) with their ginsenosides and oligosaccharides. METHODS HPLC-DAD-ELSD technique was adopted to investigate the ginseosides and oligosaccharides of GG and MFCG. RESULTS The features of ginsenosides showed the Rg1/Re in different parts of GG and MFCG: main root> lateral root > fibrous root, and the Rg1/Re in main root: MFCG>GG, indicating that the Rg1/Re is related to the growing years of ginseng. In most cases, the Rg1/Re < 1 in entire GG and Rg1/Re > 1 in entire MFCG. In addition, the ratio of protopanaxadiol (PPD) / protopanaxatriol (PPT) in main root of GG is about 1, and in main roots of MFCG is about 2, and also, the Ro/Rb1 of MFCG is lower than that of GG. Analysis of oligosaccharides showed that GG mainly contained sucrose and MFCG mainly contained sucrose and maltose, and the ratio of sucrose to maltose showed at least more than 4:1 in GG and less 4:1 in MFCG in most cases, indicating the characteristics of oligosaccharides of MFCG are primarily affected by its growing environment. The results also enlightened that ginsenoside Re is most probably the biosynthetic precursor of ginsenoside Rg1, i.e. the Re was synthesized firstly, then transformed to Rg1 in vivo. CONCLUSION The characteristics of Rg1/Re and higher maltose can be regarded as one of the characteristics of high quality MFCG, and these characteristics are related to higher growing years and cultivation environment of ginseng, the formation mechanism of these characteristics for GG and MFGG was also discussed. As far as we know, it is for the first time that the difference of Rg1/Re and oligosaccharides between MFCG and GG is elucidated and this provides a reference for the quality control criterion of GG and MFCG. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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山地和园林栽培人参中人参皂苷和低聚糖的特性

背景本研究的目的是探讨山地林人工参（MFCG）和园参（GG）及其人参皂苷和低聚糖的化学特性。方法采用HPLC-DAD-ELSD技术对GG和MFCG的人参皂苷和低聚糖进行研究。结果人参皂苷在GG和MFCG不同部位的Rg1/Re特征表现为：主根>侧根>须根，主根Rg1/Re：MFCG>GG，说明Rg1/Re与人参生长年。在大多数情况下，整个 GG 中的 Rg1/Re < 1 和整个 MFCG 中的 Rg1/Re > 1。此外，GG主根中原人参二醇(PPD)/原人参三醇(PPT)的比例约为1，MFCG主根中的比例约为2，而且MFCG的Ro/Rb1低于GG。低聚糖分析表明，GG主要含蔗糖，MFCG主要含蔗糖和麦芽糖，蔗糖与麦芽糖的比例在GG中至少显示4：1以上，MFCG中低于4：1，表明低聚糖的特性MFCG 主要受其生长环境的影响。结果还表明，人参皂苷Re很可能是人参皂苷Rg1的生物合成前体，即先合成Re，然后在体内转化为Rg1。结论 Rg1/Re和较高麦芽糖的特性可以看作是优质MFCG的特性之一，这些特性与人参较高的生长年限和栽培环境有关，GG和MFGG这些特性的形成机制也是讨论。据我们所知，首次阐明了MFCG和GG在Rg1/Re和寡糖方面的差异，为GG和MFCG的质量控制标准提供了参考。本文受版权保护。版权所有。