Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop a novel design for implants surface functionalization through the production of HAp-coated zirconia structured surfaces by means of hybrid laser technique. The HAp-rich structured surfaces were designed to avoid hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating detachment from the zirconia surface during implant insertion, thus guaranteeing an effective osseointegration.

Materials and methods

The functionalization process of zirconia surface started by creating micro-textures using a Nd:YAG laser and subsequent deposition of a HAp coating on the designated locations by dip-coating process. Afterwards, a CO₂ laser was used to sinter the HAp coating. The potential of the HAp-coated zirconia structured surfaces was inspected concerning HAp bioactivity preservation, surface wettability, HAp coating adhesion to the textured surfaces and mechanical resistance of zirconia, as assessed by different approaches.

Results

The functionalized surfaces exhibited a superhydrophilic behavior (2.30 ± 0.81°) and the remaining results showed that through the hybrid strategy, it is possible to maintain the HAp bioactivity as well as promote a strong adhesion of HAp coating to the textured surfaces even after high energy ultrasonic cavitation tests and friction tests against bovine bone. It was also verified that the flexural strength of zirconia (503 ± 24 MPa) fulfills the strict requirements of the ISO 13356:2008 standard and as such is expectable to be enough for biomedical applications.

Significance

The promising results of this study indicate that the proposed surface design can open the window for manufacturing zirconia-based implants with improved bioactivity required for an effective osseointegration as it avoids the coating detachment problem during the implant insertion.

中文翻译：

---

激光辅助生产HAp涂层氧化锆结构的表面，用于生物医学应用。

目标

这项研究的目的是通过利用混合激光技术生产HAp涂层的氧化锆结构表面，开发一种用于植入物表面功能化的新颖设计。富含HAp的结构化表面旨在避免在植入植入物时羟基磷灰石（HAp）涂层从氧化锆表面脱离，从而确保有效的骨整合。

材料和方法

氧化锆表面的功能化过程始于使用Nd：YAG激光产生微纹理，然后通过浸涂工艺在指定位置沉积HAp涂层。之后，使用CO ₂激光器烧结HAp涂层。通过不同方法评估了HAp涂层氧化锆结构化表面的潜力，涉及HAp生物活性的保存，表面润湿性，HAp涂层对织构化表面的粘附性以及氧化锆的机械耐受性。

结果

功能化的表面表现出超亲水性能（2.30±0.81°），其余结果表明，通过混合策略，即使在高能量下，也可以保持HAp生物活性并促进HAp涂层对纹理表面的牢固粘附针对牛骨的超声空化测试和摩擦测试。还证实了氧化锆的抗弯强度（503±24 MPa）符合ISO 13356：2008标准的严格要求，因此有望满足生物医学应用的要求。

意义

这项研究的有希望的结果表明，提出的表面设计可以为制造具有有效骨整合所需的具有改善的生物活性的氧化锆基植入物打开窗口，因为它避免了植入物插入过程中的涂层分离问题。