Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE) has shown its protective effects on AD, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this work, serum lipidomics was conducted to reveal the action mechanism of RCE on AD by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The animal model of AD was reproduced by intrahippocampal injection of Aβ_1-42 in rats. The novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test were performed to evaluate the protective effects of RCE on AD rats. The differences of lipid metabolism profiles in rats were evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis. Then, the potential lipid biomarkers were identified and the possible mechanism of RCE on AD was elucidated by metabolic pathways analysis. As a result, twenty-eight lipids with significant differences between the control group and the model group were screened out. With the treatment of RCE, 19 lipids in AD rats showed a trend of callback to the normal levels. The results of pathway analysis indicated that the protective effects of RCE on AD might be closely related to the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism, α-linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and ether lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective on the potential intervention mechanism of RCE for AD treatment.

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是一种慢性进行性神经退行性疾病。景天红景天提取物（RCE）已显示出对AD的保护作用，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。在这项工作中，进行了血清脂质组学研究，通过HPLC与傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）结合揭示了RCE对AD的作用机理。通过海马内注射_Aβ1-42复制AD的动物模型在大鼠中。进行新颖的物体识别测试和被动回避测试以评估RCE对AD大鼠的保护作用。通过多元统计分析评估大鼠脂质代谢谱的差异。然后，鉴定潜在的脂质生物标志物，并通过代谢途径分析阐明了RCE在AD上的可能机制。结果，筛选出对照组和模型组之间具有显着差异的二十八种脂质。通过RCE的治疗，AD大鼠中的19种脂质表现出回弹至正常水平的趋势。通路分析结果表明，RCE对AD的保护作用可能与亚油酸代谢，α-亚油酸代谢，鞘脂代谢和醚脂质代谢的调节密切相关。结论，