HIF is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in the cellular response to low oxygen, orchestrating a metabolic switch that allows cells to survive in this environment. In immunity, infected and inflamed tissues are often hypoxic, and HIF helps immune cells adapt. HIF-α stabilization can also occur under normoxia during immunity and inflammation, where it regulates metabolism but in addition can directly regulate expression of immune genes. Here we review the role of HIF in immunity, including its role in macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells. Its role in immunity is as essential for cellular responses as it is in its original role in hypoxia, with HIF being implicated in multiple inflammatory diseases and in immunosuppression in tumors.

HIF 是一种转录因子，在细胞对低氧的反应中起重要作用，协调代谢开关，使细胞能够在这种环境中生存。在免疫方面，受感染和发炎的组织往往缺氧，而 HIF 有助于免疫细胞适应。HIF-α 稳定也可以在免疫和炎症期间在常氧条件下发生，在那里它调节新陈代谢，但此外还可以直接调节免疫基因的表达。在这里，我们回顾了 HIF 在免疫中的作用，包括其在巨噬细胞、树突细胞、中性粒细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞中的作用。它在免疫中的作用对于细胞反应至关重要，就像它在缺氧中的原始作用一样，HIF 与多种炎症疾病和肿瘤的免疫抑制有关。