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South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm
Earth, Planets and Space ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4
Hisashi Hayakawa , José R. Ribeiro , Yusuke Ebihara , Ana P. Correia , Mitsuru Sôma

The importance of the investigation of magnetic superstorms is not limited to academic interest, because these superstorms can cause catastrophic impact on the modern civilisation due to our increasing dependency on technological infrastructure. In this context, the Carrington storm in September 1859 is considered as a benchmark of observational history owing to its magnetic disturbance and equatorial extent of the auroral oval. So far, several recent auroral reports at that time have been published but those reports are mainly derived from the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we analyse datable auroral reports from South America and its vicinity, assess the auroral extent using philological and astrometric approaches, identify the auroral visibility at − 17.3° magnetic latitude and further poleward and reconstruct the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval to be 25.1° ± 0.5° in invariant latitude. Interestingly, brighter and more colourful auroral displays were reported in the South American sector than in the Northern Hemisphere. This north–south asymmetry is presumably associated with variations of their magnetic longitude and the weaker magnetic field over South America compared to the magnetic conjugate point and the increased amount of magnetospheric electron precipitation into the upper atmosphere. These results attest that the magnitude of the Carrington storm indicates that its extent falls within the range of other superstorms, such as those that occurred in May 1921 and February 1872, in terms of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval.

中文翻译:

卡灵顿风暴期间的南美极光报告

磁超级风暴调查的重要性不仅限于学术兴趣,因为由于我们对技术基础设施的依赖日益增加,这些超级风暴会对现代文明造成灾难性影响。在这种情况下,1859 年 9 月的卡林顿风暴因其磁扰动和极光椭圆的赤道范围而被认为是观测历史的基准。到目前为止,当时已经发表了几份最近的极光报告,但这些报告主要来自北半球。在这项研究中,我们分析了来自南美洲及其附近地区的可数据极光报告,使用语言学和天体测量方法评估极光范围,确定 - 17 时的极光能见度。3° 磁纬度并进一步向两极并重建极光椭圆的赤道边界为 25.1° ± 0.5° 不变纬度。有趣的是,南美地区报告的极光显示比北半球更明亮、更丰富多彩。与磁共轭点相比,这种南北不对称可能与磁经度的变化和南美洲较弱的磁场以及进入高层大气的磁层电子降水量增加有关。这些结果证明,卡林顿风暴的强度表明它的范围在其他超级风暴的范围内,例如发生在 1921 年 5 月和 1872 年 2 月的那些,就极光椭圆的赤道边界而言。5° 不变纬度。有趣的是,南美地区报告的极光显示比北半球更明亮、更丰富多彩。与磁共轭点相比,这种南北不对称可能与磁经度的变化和南美洲较弱的磁场以及进入高层大气的磁层电子降水量增加有关。这些结果证明,卡林顿风暴的强度表明它的范围在其他超级风暴的范围内,例如发生在 1921 年 5 月和 1872 年 2 月的那些,就极光椭圆的赤道边界而言。5° 不变纬度。有趣的是,南美地区报告的极光显示比北半球更明亮、更丰富多彩。与磁共轭点相比,这种南北不对称可能与磁经度的变化和南美洲较弱的磁场以及进入高层大气的磁层电子降水量增加有关。这些结果证明,卡林顿风暴的强度表明它的范围在其他超级风暴的范围内,例如发生在 1921 年 5 月和 1872 年 2 月的那些,就极光椭圆的赤道边界而言。与磁共轭点相比,这种南北不对称可能与磁经度的变化和南美洲较弱的磁场以及进入高层大气的磁层电子降水量增加有关。这些结果证明,卡林顿风暴的强度表明它的范围在其他超级风暴的范围内,例如发生在 1921 年 5 月和 1872 年 2 月的那些,就极光椭圆的赤道边界而言。与磁共轭点相比,这种南北不对称可能与磁经度的变化和南美洲较弱的磁场以及进入高层大气的磁层电子降水量增加有关。这些结果证明,卡林顿风暴的强度表明它的范围在其他超级风暴的范围内,例如发生在 1921 年 5 月和 1872 年 2 月的那些,就极光椭圆的赤道边界而言。
更新日期:2020-08-26
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