Ginkgo biloba, a typical dioecious plant, is a traditional medicinal plant widely planted. However, it has a long juvenile period, which severely affected the breeding and cultivation of superior ginkgo varieties. In order to clarify the complex mechanism of sexual differentiation in G. biloba strobili. Here, a total of 3293 miRNAs were identified in buds and strobili of G. biloba, including 1085 known miRNAs and 2208 novel miRNAs using the three sequencing approaches of transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome. Comparative transcriptome analysis screened 4346 and 7087 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in male buds (MB) _vs_ female buds (FB) and microstrobilus (MS) _vs_ ovulate strobilus (OS), respectively. A total of 6032 target genes were predicted for differentially expressed miRNA. The combined analysis of both small RNA and transcriptome datasets identified 51 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs that may be involved in the process of G. biloba strobili sexual differentiation, of which 15 pairs were verified in the analysis of degradome sequencing. The comprehensive analysis of the small RNA, RNA and degradome sequencing data in this study provided candidate genes and clarified the regulatory mechanism of sexual differentiation of G. biloba strobili from multiple perspectives.

中文翻译：

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通过小分子RNA，RNA和降解组测序的整合分析，筛选和鉴定与银杏叶球菌性别分化相关的miRNA。

银杏是典型的雌雄异株植物，是广泛种植的传统药用植物。但是，它的幼年期很长，严重影响了优良银杏品种的选育和栽培。为了弄清球果G. biloba的性别分化的复杂机制。在这里，使用转录组，小RNA和降解组这三种测序方法，在银杏的芽和可塑性中共鉴定出3293个miRNA，包括1085个已知的miRNA和2208个新颖的miRNA。比较转录组分析筛选了雄性芽（MB）与雌性芽（FB）和微球囊（MS）与卵形球菌（OS）的4346和7087个差异表达基因（DEG）。预测总共6032个靶基因的差异表达miRNA。对小RNA和转录组数据集的组合分析确定了51个miRNA-mRNA相互作用对，这些相互作用可能与银杏种性分化有关，其中15对已在降解基因组测序分析中得到验证。对本研究中小RNA，RNA和降解组测序数据的综合分析提供了候选基因，并从多个角度阐明了星状银杏性别分化的调控机制。