Protests in the United States and in other countries have brought new attention to the impact of state violence and systemic racism. Economist Lisa D. Cook has directly measured that impact on innovation and invention, and the results are grim. Cook's research showed how segregation laws, lynchings, and state-supported violence suppressed African American invention during the 20th century. By tracking the patent filings of African American inventors from 1870 to 1940, the Michigan State University professor of economics and international relations showed that acts of violence have a measurable impact on innovation.

中文翻译：

---

系统性种族主义如何摧毁美国的黑人创新：暴力和种族隔离在整个 20 世纪削弱了非洲裔美国发明家 - [新闻]

美国和其他国家的抗议活动使人们对国家暴力和系统性种族主义的影响有了新的关注。经济学家 Lisa D. Cook 直接衡量了这种对创新和发明的影响，结果很糟糕。库克的研究表明，种族隔离法、私刑和国家支持的暴力是如何在 20 世纪压制非裔美国人的发明的。通过跟踪 1870 年至 1940 年非裔美国发明家的专利申请，密歇根州立大学经济学和国际关系教授表明，暴力行为对创新产生了可衡量的影响。