Natural polyphenols contained in olive mill wastewaters (OMW) have been usually associated with great bioactive properties as “antioxidants”. In this work, we recovered the polyphenols after adsorption onto natural clay “ghassoul” by different solvents: water, ethyl acetate, and methanol (PPW, PPA, and PPM, respectively) to avoid environmental pollution. Also, we tested the antioxidant activity of the extracted polyphenols by two methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Then, we analyzed antimicrobial activity by the microdilution technique to determine at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The OMW of the Fez-Meknes region has a very acidic pH, considerable amounts of mineral matter, and a high concentration of polyphenols and organic content. The results of the test from DPPH showed good antiradical potential for polyphenols extracted with water, but the TAC showed an important capacity for all extracts unless PPA. The antibacterial activity is not the same on the four bacteria studied (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis), and all extracts inhibit most tested germs that do not have the same MIC and the same sensitivity. Only the PPW showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) that is equal to 0.290 mg/mL for Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, which confirms that the extraction by water of the adsorbed polyphenols is an original solution to recover the polyphenols and also to obtain a natural phenolic antioxidant which can be used in the pharmaceutical, nourishment, and cosmetic industry.

中文翻译：

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吸附在天然粘土“Ghassoul”上后提取的多酚的抗氧化和抗菌活性

橄榄磨废水 (OMW) 中含有的天然多酚通常具有作为“抗氧化剂”的巨大生物活性特性。在这项工作中，我们通过不同的溶剂：水、乙酸乙酯和甲醇（分别为 PPW、PPA 和 PPM）吸附到天然粘土“ghassoul”上后回收多酚，以避免环境污染。此外，我们通过两种方法测试了提取的多酚的抗氧化活性：1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼 (DPPH) 和总抗氧化能力 (TAC)。然后，我们通过微量稀释技术分析了抗菌活性，以确定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。Fez-Meknes 地区的 OMW 具有非常酸性的 pH 值、大量的矿物质以及高浓度的多酚和有机成分。DPPH 的测试结果表明，水提取的多酚具有良好的抗自由基潜力，但 TAC 显示出对所有提取物的重要能力，除非 PPA。所研究的四种细菌（大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌）的抗菌活性不同，并且所有提取物都能抑制大多数测试细菌，这些细菌的 MIC 和敏感性不同。只有 PPW 显示沙门氏菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小杀菌浓度 (MBC) 等于 0.290 mg/mL，这证实了用水提取吸附的多酚是回收多酚的原始解决方案，也获得了天然酚类抗氧化剂，可用于制药、营养品和化妆品行业。