The human retina is a complex neural tissue that detects light and sends visual information to the brain. However, the molecular and cellular processes that underlie aging primate retina remain unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas based on 119,520 single cells of the foveal and peripheral retina of humans and macaques covering different ages. The molecular features of retinal cells differed between the two species, suggesting the distinct regional and species specializations of the human and macaque retinae. In addition, human retinal aging occurred in a region- and cell-type- specific manner. Aging of human retina exhibited a foveal to peripheral gradient. MYO9A⁻ rods and a horizontal cell subtype were greatly reduced in aging retina, indicating their vulnerability to aging. Moreover, we generated a dataset showing the cell-type- and region- specific gene expression associated with 55 types of human retinal disease, which provides a foundation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases. Together, these datasets are valuable for understanding the molecular characteristics of primate retina, as well as the molecular regulation of aging progression and related diseases.

中文翻译：

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衰老人类和猕猴视网膜的单细胞转录组图谱

人类视网膜是一种复杂的神经组织，可以检测光线并向大脑发送视觉信息。然而，灵长类动物视网膜老化的分子和细胞过程仍不清楚。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的转录组图谱，该图谱基于覆盖不同年龄的人类和猕猴的中央凹和周边视网膜的 119,520 个单细胞。两种物种之间视网膜细胞的分子特征不同，表明人类和猕猴视网膜具有不同的区域和物种特化。此外，人类视网膜老化以特定于区域和细胞类型的方式发生。人类视网膜的老化表现出中央凹到周边梯度。MYO9A ^-视杆细胞和水平细胞亚型在老化的视网膜中大大减少，表明它们容易老化。此外，我们生成了一个数据集，显示了与 55 种人类视网膜疾病相关的细胞类型和区域特异性基因表达，这为了解人类视网膜疾病的分子和细胞机制奠定了基础。总之，这些数据集对于理解灵长类动物视网膜的分子特征以及衰老进程和相关疾病的分子调控非常有价值。