We describe small-angle electron diffraction (SmAED) and Lorentz microscopy using a conventional transmission electron microscope. In SmAED, electron diffraction patterns with a wide-angular range on the order of 1×10-2 rad to 1×10-7 rad can be obtained. It is demonstrated that magnetic information of nanoscale magnetic microstructures can be obtained by Fresnel imaging, Foucault imaging, and SmAED. In particular, we report magnetic microstructures associated with magnetic stripes and magnetic skyrmions revealed by Lorentz microscopy with SmAED. SmAED can be applied to the analysis of microstructures in functional materials such as dielectric, ferromagnetic, and multiferroic materials.

中文翻译：

---

小角度电子衍射和洛伦兹显微镜的最新进展

我们使用传统的透射电子显微镜描述了小角度电子衍射 (SmAED) 和洛伦兹显微镜。在 SmAED 中，可以获得 1×10-2 rad 到 1×10-7 rad 量级的宽角度范围的电子衍射图。结果表明，纳米级磁性微结构的磁信息可以通过菲涅耳成像、傅科成像和SmAED获得。特别是，我们报告了与 SmAED 洛伦兹显微镜揭示的磁条和磁性斯格明子相关的磁性微结构。SmAED 可应用于介电、铁磁和多铁性材料等功能材料的微观结构分析。