Abstract

Grain yield, which is mainly contributed by tillering capacity as well as kernel number and weight, is the most important trait to plant breeders and agronomists. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to analyse yield-contributing organs in wheat. These were leaf sample, tiller initiation, spike initiation, ovary and three successive kernel development stages at 5, 10 and 15 days after anthesis (DAA). We identified 3182 proteins across all samples. The largest number was obtained for spike initiation (1673), while the smallest was kernel sample at 15 DAA (709). Of the 3182 proteins, 296 of them were common to all seven organs. Organ-specific proteins ranged from 148 in ovary to 561 in spike initiation. When relative protein abundances were compared to that of leaf sample, 347 and 519 proteins were identified as differentially abundant in tiller initiation and spike initiation, respectively. When compared with ovary, 81, 35 and 96 proteins were identified as differentially abundant in kernels sampled at 5, 10 and 15 DAA, respectively. Our study indicated that two Argonaute proteins were solely expressed in spike initiation. Of the four expansin proteins detected, three of them were mainly expressed during the first 10 days of kernel development after anthesis. We also detected cell wall invertases and sucrose and starch synthases mainly during the kernel development period. The manipulation of these proteins could lead to increases in tillers, kernels per spike or final grain weight, and is worth exploring in future studies.

中文翻译：

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小麦籽粒产量相关性状的蛋白质组学分析

 抽象的

谷物产量主要由分蘖能力以及籽粒数量和重量决定，是植物育种家和农学家最重要的性状。无标记定量蛋白质组学用于分析小麦的产量贡献器官。这些是叶样品、分蘖萌芽、穗萌芽、子房和花后5、10和15天的三个连续的籽粒发育阶段(DAA)。我们在所有样本中鉴定出了 3182 种蛋白质。最大数量来自加标起始 (1673)，而最小数量是 15 DAA 时的籽粒样品 (709)。在 3182 种蛋白质中，其中 296 种是所有七个器官共有的。器官特异性蛋白质的范围从卵巢中的 148 个到尖峰起始中的 561 个。当相对蛋白质丰度与叶样品的相对蛋白质丰度进行比较时，分别鉴定出 347 和 519 个蛋白质在分蘖萌芽和穗萌芽中存在差异。与子房相比，在 5、10 和 15 DAA 采样的籽粒中分别鉴定出 81、35 和 96 种蛋白质的丰度存在差异。我们的研究表明，两种 Argonaute 蛋白仅在尖峰起始时表达。在检测到的四种扩展蛋白中，其中三种主要在花后籽粒发育的前 10 天内表达。我们还主要在籽粒发育期间检测了细胞壁蔗糖酶以及蔗糖和淀粉合酶。对这些蛋白质的操纵可能会导致分蘖数、每穗粒数或最终粒重的增加，值得在未来的研究中探索。