Musicians display individual differences in their spontaneous performance rates (tempo) for simple melodies, but the factors responsible are unknown. Previous research suggests that musical tempo modulates listeners’ cardiovascular activity. We report an investigation of musicians’ melody performances measured over a 12-h day and subsequent changes in the musicians’ physiological activity. Skilled pianists completed four testing sessions in a single day as cardiac activity was recorded during an initial 5 min of baseline rest and during performances of familiar and unfamiliar melodies. Results indicated slower tempi for familiar and unfamiliar melodies at early testing times. Performance rates at 09 h were predicted by differences in participants’ alertness and musical training; these differences were not explained by sleep patterns, chronotype, or cardiac activity. Individual differences in pianists’ performance tempo were consistent across testing sessions: participants with a faster tempo at 09 h maintained a faster tempo at later testing sessions. Cardiac measures at early testing times indicated increased heart rates and more predictable cardiac dynamics during music performance than baseline rest, and during performances of unfamiliar melodies than familiar melodies. These findings provide the first evidence of cardiac dynamics that are unique to music performance contexts.

中文翻译：

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音乐家演奏节奏中的生理和行为因素

音乐家对简单旋律的自发演奏率（节奏）表现出个体差异，但相关因素尚不清楚。先前的研究表明，音乐节奏会调节听众的心血管活动。我们报告了一项对音乐家在 12 小时内测量的旋律表演以及音乐家生理活动的后续变化的调查。熟练的钢琴家在一天内完成了四次测试，因为在基线休息的最初 5 分钟以及熟悉和不熟悉的旋律表演期间记录了心脏活动。结果表明，在早期测试时间，熟悉和不熟悉的旋律的速度较慢。通过参与者的警觉性和音乐训练的差异来预测 09 小时的表现率；这些差异不能用睡眠模式、睡眠类型、或心脏活动。钢琴家演奏节奏的个体差异在整个测试过程中是一致的：在 09 小时速度较快的参与者在稍后的测试过程中保持较快的节奏。早期测试时的心脏测量表明，在音乐表演期间，以及在不熟悉的旋律比熟悉的旋律的表演期间，心率增加，心脏动力学更可预测。这些发现提供了音乐表演环境所特有的心脏动力学的第一个证据。早期测试时的心脏测量表明，在音乐表演期间，以及在不熟悉的旋律比熟悉的旋律的表演期间，心率增加，心脏动力学更可预测。这些发现提供了音乐表演环境所特有的心脏动力学的第一个证据。早期测试时的心脏测量表明，在音乐表演期间，以及在不熟悉的旋律比熟悉的旋律的表演期间，心率增加，心脏动力学更可预测。这些发现提供了音乐表演环境所特有的心脏动力学的第一个证据。