The equatorial stratospheres of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn all exhibit a remarkable periodic oscillation of their temperatures and winds with height. Earth’s quasi-biennial oscillation and Saturn’s quasi-periodic equatorial oscillation have recently been observed to experience disruptions in their vertical structure as a consequence of atmospheric events occurring far from the equator. Here we reveal that Jupiter’s quasi-quadrennial oscillation can also be perturbed by strong tropospheric activity at equatorial and off-equatorial latitudes. Observations of Jupiter’s stratospheric temperatures between 1980 and 2011 show two significantly different periods for the quasi-quadrennial oscillation, with a 5.7-yr period between 1980 and 1990 and a 3.9-yr period between 1996 and 2006. Major disruptions to the predicted quasi-quadrennial oscillation pattern in 1992 and 2007 coincided with marked planetary-scale disturbances in the equatorial and low-latitude troposphere, suggesting that they are connected to vertically propagating waves generated by meteorological sources in the deeper troposphere (that is 500–4,000-mbar pressures). Disruptions in Jupiter’s periodic oscillations are thus inherently different from those of Saturn or the Earth. This interconnectivity between the troposphere and stratosphere, which is probably common to all planetary atmospheres, shows that seemingly regular cycles of variability can switch between different modes when subjected to extreme meteorological events.

地球，木星和土星的赤道平流层都表现出其温度和随高度变化的风的显着周期性振荡。最近已经观测到，由于远离赤道发生的大气事件，地球的准双年度振荡和土星的准周期赤道振荡经历了垂直结构的破坏。在这里，我们揭示了木星的准四年一次振荡也可能受到赤道和赤道外纬度强烈的对流层活动的干扰。对木星在1980年至2011年平流层温度的观测表明，准四年一次振荡存在两个明显不同的时期，1980年至1990年为5.7年，1996年至2006年为3.9年。在1992年和2007年，对准四年度振荡模式的重大扰动与赤道和低纬对流层的行星尺度扰动相吻合，这表明它们与对流层较深层的气象源产生的垂直传播波有关（即500–4,000毫巴的压力）。因此，木星周期性振荡的破坏与土星或地球的固有变化是天生的。对流层与平流层之间的这种相互联系，可能是所有行星大气所共有的，表明当经受极端的气象事件时，看似规则的变异性周期可以在不同模式之间切换。表明它们与更深对流层中气象源产生的垂直传播波有关（即500-4,000 mbar的压力）。因此，木星周期性振荡的破坏与土星或地球的固有变化是天生的。对流层与平流层之间的这种相互联系，可能是所有行星大气所共有的，表明当经受极端的气象事件时，看似规则的变异性周期可以在不同模式之间切换。表明它们与更深对流层中气象源产生的垂直传播波有关（即500-4,000 mbar的压力）。因此，木星周期性振荡的破坏与土星或地球的固有变化是天生的。对流层与平流层之间的这种相互联系，可能是所有行星大气所共有的，表明当经受极端的气象事件时，看似规则的变异性周期可以在不同模式之间切换。