This paper investigates interaction processes of the Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ cations with humic acids isolated from brown coals of Ekibastuz basin. It was demonstrated that the sorption of heavy metal ions by humic acids (HA) depends on the concentration and nature of cations and decreases in the order of Fe³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺; while increase in the concentration of humic acids (HA) results in the higher yield of ions and metals. The occurrence of ion exchange and complexation reactions in metal-humic acid systems is confirmed by the appearance of new bands and the shift of the absorption bands corresponding to stretching and deformation vibrations of carboxylate ions, C = O and OH groups. The occurrence of these processes is also evidenced by spectrophotometric data, as well as a decrease in the pH of the solution due to deprotonation of humic acids during these reactions. Thus, based on the data on the degree of sorption of metal cations by humic acids, the results of infra-red spectroscopy and spectrophotometry, it can be concluded that the Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ cations interact with HA by the ionic mechanism and by the complexation mechanism with electron-donating functional groups. Electrochemical studies of the Cu²⁺ – humic acid system carried out by the method of cyclic voltammetry also indicate the occurrence of the interaction of humic acid with copper cations. Modification of humic acid with copper ions shows the electrochemical activity of copper immobilized on the surface of dispersed humic acid, which is important for the implementation of electrocatalytic reactions on modified glassy carbon-humic electrodes.

本文研究了Fe ³⁺，Cu 2 ⁺，Ni ²⁺和Co ²⁺阳离子与从埃基巴斯图兹盆地褐煤中分离出的腐殖酸的相互作用过程。结果表明，腐殖酸（HA）对重金属离子的吸附取决于阳离子的浓度和性质，并以Fe ³⁺ > Cu ²⁺ > Ni ²⁺ > Co ²⁺的顺序降低。; 腐殖酸（HA）浓度的增加导致离子和金属的产率更高。在金属-腐植酸体系中发生了离子交换和络合反应，这是由新的谱带的出现以及与羧酸根离子（C = O和OH基团）的拉伸和变形振动相对应的吸收带的移动所证实的。这些过程的发生也由分光光度数据以及由于在这些反应过程中腐殖酸去质子化导致溶液的pH值降低所证明。因此，根据腐殖酸对金属阳离子的吸附程度数据，红外光谱和分光光度法的结果，可以得出结论：Fe ³⁺，Ni 2 ⁺，Co 2 ⁺，Cu ²⁺阳离子通过离子机理以及与给电子官能团的络合机理与HA相互作用。通过循环伏安法对Cu 2 ⁺ -腐植酸体系进行的电化学研究也表明了腐植酸与铜阳离子相互作用的发生。用铜离子对腐殖酸进行改性显示了固定在分散腐殖酸表面的铜的电化学活性，这对于在修饰的玻碳-腐殖质电极上实施电催化反应非常重要。