Abstract

The aim of this review is to provide a critical and comparative account of the total synthetic approaches toward histrionicotoxins, alkaloids isolated from skin extracts of Colombian poison arrow frog Dendrobates histrionicus. We have summarized the maneuvers in each paper by graphically detailing the synthesis and associated reaction niceties of only the key intermediates by different researchers. Fascinating structural feature of histrionicotoxins is “8-hydroxy-l-azaspiro[5.5]undecane core” with two side chains at C-2 and C-7 which differ in their length and nature of unsaturation. All synthetic approaches to histrionicotoxins aim at the construction of key intermediate “azaspiro[5.5]undecane ring” and installation of side chains at C-2 and C-7.

摘要

本综述的目的是提供一个关键和比较性的全合成方法，用于处理从哥伦比亚毒箭蛙Dendrobates histrionicus 的皮肤提取物中分离出的生物碱。我们通过图形详细说明不同研究人员仅关键中间体的合成和相关反应细节，总结了每篇论文中的操作。组烟碱毒素的迷人结构特征是“8-羟基-l-氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷核心”，在 C-2 和 C-7 处有两条侧链，它们的长度和不饱和性质不同。所有合成烟碱毒素的方法都旨在构建关键中间体“氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷环”并在 C-2 和 C-7 上安装侧链。