Abstract

The effluents from textile dyeing industry are causing water pollution and may transform into more toxic and carcinogenic chemical species by environmental conditions. Therefore systemic toxicity of textile dyes is major health concern. Hence, this study sought to examine the toxic effect of disperse textile dyes on important systemic enzymes in the larvae of wild type Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R⁺). Drosophila larvae were fed with corn-sugar-yeast diets containing two disperse dyes, Disperse blue-124 and Disperse black-9 (1, 10 and 100 mg/mL) for 2 days (48 h) and subsequent the enzymatic estimations were carried out using larval homogenate. In silico molecular docking studies were also performed to analyze the binding interaction of these dyes with acetyl choline esterase enzyme. Disperse black 9 shows more strong binding by occupying a groove and forming one hydrogen bond with Tyr465 of acetyl choline esterase enzyme while Disperse blue-124 shows surface binding without forming any hydrogen bond. Drosophila larvae fed on these dyes exhibited a dose-dependent increase in acetyl choline esterase enzymatic activity (1.8 fold increase with Disperse black-9, 100 mg/mL) while 4.4-folds Disperse blue-124, 100 mg/mL). Both Disperse Blue and Disperse Black dyes altered the activities of antioxidant enzymes Catalase (CAT, increased more than 2.5 fold), Superoxide dismutase (SOD, increased more than two folds) and showed a dose-dependent increase in Xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels (more than 3 folds). Therefore both the disperse dyes were found to dysregulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes which may be the underlying mechanism for their toxic effects.

摘要

纺织印染工业的废水正在造成水污染，并可能因环境条件而转化为更具毒性和致癌性的化学物质。因此，纺织染料的全身毒性是主要的健康问题。因此，本研究试图检查分散纺织染料对野生型黑腹果蝇（俄勒冈州 R ⁺）幼虫中重要全身酶的毒性作用。用含有两种分散染料 Disperse blue-124 和 Disperse black-9（1、10 和 100 mg/mL）的玉米糖酵母饲料喂养果蝇幼虫 2 天（48 小时），随后进行酶促评估使用幼虫匀浆。计算机还进行了分子对接研究以分析这些染料与乙酰胆碱酯酶的结合相互作用。Disperse black 9 通过占据凹槽并与乙酰胆碱酯酶的 Tyr465 形成一个氢键而显示出更强的结合力，而 Disperse blue-124 显示出表面结合而不形成任何氢键。果蝇喂食这些染料的幼虫表现出乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活性的剂量依赖性增加（Disperse black-9, 100 mg/mL 增加 1.8 倍），而 Disperse blue-124, 100 mg/mL 增加 4.4 倍）。分散蓝和分散黑染料都改变了抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（CAT，增加超过 2.5 倍）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD，增加超过两倍）的活性，并显示出黄嘌呤氧化酶和脂质过氧化（LPO）的剂量依赖性增加) 水平（超过 3 倍）。因此，发现这两种分散染料都会失调抗氧化酶的活性，这可能是其毒性作用的潜在机制。