With the advent of climate change as a major challenge of our time, Earth system modeling has become highly policy‐relevant regulatory science. In this situation, the social mechanisms that play a role in any scientific endeavor become particularly exposed. By discussing historical, philosophical, and sociological (HPS) aspects of the field's current “cultures of prediction” together with the physical science community in a physical science journal, we aim to provide an entry point into HPS reasoning for climate scientists interested in reflecting on their field and science in general. This paper, first, introduces our perspective on “science as culture” and climate modeling as “regulatory science” and, second, highlights and connects relevant ideas from the three commentaries that follow it. In so doing, we hope to give a fuller picture of climate science, the interplay it engenders between HPS and the physical sciences, the distinctions that it gives rise to as compared to some of the more traditional, exact, sciences in which it is rooted and its place in society including its role in scientific policy advice.

中文翻译：

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地球系统建模的历史，哲学和社会学观点

随着气候变化成为我们时代的主要挑战，地球系统建模已成为与政策高度相关的监管科学。在这种情况下，在任何科学活动中起作用的社会机制就变得特别暴露。通过与自然科学杂志上的自然科学界一起讨论该领域当前的“预测文化”的历史，哲学和社会学（HPS）方面，我们旨在为有兴趣思考气候变化的气候科学家提供HPS推理的切入点他们的领域和科学。本文首先介绍我们对“作为文化的科学”和作为“调控科学”的气候建模的观点，其次，重点介绍并联系其后的三篇评论中的相关思想。这样，