Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays important roles in developmental of vertebrate animal central nervous system (CNS), and Gli is its downstream signal molecule. Shh signalling is essential for pattern formation, cell‐fate specification, axon guidance, proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons in CNS development. The abnormal signalling pathway of Shh leads to the occurrence of many nervous system diseases. The mechanism of Shh signalling is complex and remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, studies have revealed that Shh signalling pathway is classified into canonical and non‐canonical pathways. Here we review the role of the Shh signalling pathway and its impact in CNS development and related diseases. Specifically, we discuss the role of Shh in the spinal cord and brain development, cell differentiation and proliferation in CNS and related diseases such as brain tumour, Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. We also highlight future directions of research that could help to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of Shh signalling in the process of CNS development and related diseases.

中文翻译：

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Shh信号通路在中枢神经系统发育及相关疾病中的作用

声波刺猬（Shh）在脊椎动物中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育中起重要作用，而Gli是其下游信号分子。Shh信号对于中枢神经系统发育中神经元的模式形成，细胞命运规范，轴突指导，增殖，存活和分化至关重要。Shh的异常信号通路导致许多神经系统疾病的发生。Shh信号转导的机制很复杂，尚不完全清楚。然而，研究表明，Shh信号传导途径分为经典途径和非经典途径。在这里，我们审查Shh信号通路的作用及其在中枢神经系统发展和相关疾病中的影响。具体来说，我们讨论Shh在脊髓和大脑发育中的作用，中枢神经系统及相关疾病（如脑肿瘤，帕金森氏病，癫痫，自闭症，抑郁症和脑外伤）中的细胞分化和增殖。我们还着重指出了未来的研究方向，可以帮助阐明在中枢神经系统发展和相关疾病过程中Shh信号转导的机制和后果。