Palm oil is a renewable resource that has the potential to replace fossil fuel and petrochemical for a better sustainable system. However, there is room for improvement in the current operation of the palm oil industry to achieve better sustainability development. The industrial revolution toward automation and artificial intelligence (AI) is the new trend known as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Unfortunately, the palm oil industry has been moving slowly in this revolution. This paper aims to conduct a detailed review of the current state of the palm oil industry development toward Industry 4.0. A novel Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) approach is adopted i) to ensure a detailed evaluation of the existing problems, and ii) to identify potential implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the palm oil industry. HAZOP is a common approach used in chemical engineering to systematically evaluate process safety and identify the possible improvement of the existing system. The same concept is applied in this paper to investigate the possible adaptation of Industry 4.0 technologies to improve the palm oil industry. Existing Industry 4.0 technologies and features were evaluated to identify feasible adaptation in the industry. The HAZOP review proposed 23 recommendations to improve the palm oil industry with Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve a higher standard in sustainable production. A total of 13 specific Industry 4.0 features were identified as the potential development gaps for palm oil industry stakeholders, which included the adaptation of Internet-of-Things sensors, cloud computing, blockchain, and smart imaging processing technologies.

棕榈油是一种可再生资源，具有替代化石燃料和石化产品的潜力，可以改善系统的可持续性。但是，棕榈油行业的当前运营仍有改善的空间，以实现更好的可持续发展。朝着自动化和人工智能（AI）的工业革命是被称为第四次工业革命（工业4.0）的新趋势。不幸的是，棕榈油行业在这场革命中发展缓慢。本文旨在对棕榈油行业朝着工业4.0的发展现状进行详细的回顾。采取了一种新颖的危害与可操作性分析（HAZOP）方法：i）确保对现有问题进行详细评估，ii）确定在棕榈油行业中可能实施的工业4.0技术。HAZOP是化学工程中用于评估过程安全性和确定现有系统可能改进的一种常用方法。本文采用相同的概念来研究工业4.0技术对改善棕榈油工业的可能适应性。对现有的工业4.0技术和功能进行了评估，以确定该行业中可行的适应方案。HAZOP审查提出了23条建议，以工业4.0技术改善棕榈油行业，以实现可持续生产的更高标准。共有13种特定的Industry 4.0功能被确定为棕榈油行业利益相关者的潜在发展差距，其中包括物联网传感器，云计算，区块链和智能成像处理技术的改编。