Abstract This paper discusses the long-term effects of low-cost carrier (LCC) presence at European airports and identifies the airports that have benefited the most from LCC consolidation since 2001. The research uses ‘LCC Market Share’, in terms of seats, to measure the relative importance of LCCs within each airport; and introduces ‘EU LCA Rank’ as a normalised metric of the capacity share of every airport in the European low-cost segment. It evaluates the trends between 2001 and 2019 in all airports in Europe using OAG supply information (seats by carrier). Results show two different phases of LCC rise in Europe, 2001 to 2008 and 2009 to 2019, marked by the effects of the financial crisis of the Great Recession. The analysis highlights the role that LCCs have played in boosting the growth of both primary and secondary airports. Indeed, despite the fact that LCCs have put many smaller airports on the European map, during the second phase of the period of analysis growth has been more significant for major airports and for a few airports that were keen to support the earliest development of LCCs. In that sense, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the historical and contemporary dynamics in European LCCs choice of airports and, in particular, the long-term effects that this disruptive business model have had for airports. This is increasingly important in the context of a potential recovery path from the effects of the response to the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper also attempts to settle academic discussions that attach LCC development to secondary/regional airports disregarding the wide range of strategies used by airlines and airports.

中文翻译：

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重新诠释一级机场和二级机场在欧洲低成本航空公司扩张中的作用


摘要 本文讨论了低成本航空公司 (LCC) 在欧洲机场的长期影响，并确定了自 2001 年以来从 LCC 整合中受益最多的机场。该研究使用“LCC 市场份额”，以座位数、衡量每个机场内低成本航空公司的相对重要性；并引入“欧盟 LCA 排名”作为欧洲低成本机场每个机场容量份额的标准化指标。它使用 OAG 供应信息（按航空公司划分的座位数）评估 2001 年至 2019 年欧洲所有机场的趋势。结果显示，低成本航企在欧洲经历了两个不同的增长阶段：2001 年至 2008 年和 2009 年至 2019 年，其特点是受到大衰退金融危机的影响。分析强调了低成本航企在促进一级机场和二级机场发展中所发挥的作用。事实上，尽管低成本航企在欧洲地图上占据了许多小型机场，但在分析期的第二阶段，主要机场和一些热衷于支持低成本航企最早发展的机场的增长更为显着。从这个意义上说，本文有助于更好地了解欧洲低成本航企选择机场的历史和当代动态，特别是这种颠覆性商业模式对机场产生的长期影响。在从应对 Covid-19 大流行的影响中恢复的潜在路径的背景下，这一点变得越来越重要。本文还试图解决将低成本航空发展与二级/支线机场挂钩的学术讨论，而忽视了航空公司和机场所采用的广泛战略。