Estimating the prevalence rates of mental disorders is important for developing prevention, treatment, and research plans. Given that survey-based and registry-based prevalence rates of mental disorders each have pros and cons yet complement one another, it is important to consider both assessments when investigating the prevalence rates of mental disorders. However, no study has utilized actual treatment data of patients with mental disorders when investigating the treatment gap. The results of the Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea from 2006, 2011, and 2016 and data from the National Health Insurance Database were used to compare survey-based and registry-based prevalence rates for 17 disorders, as well the prevalence rates for each sex. The survey-based prevalence rate was higher for 10 years in Korea. However, the registry-based prevalence rate continuously increased. By 2016 the two rates were comparable. For alcohol use and nicotine use disorders, the survey-based prevalence rate was consistently higher than the registry-based prevalence rate, while the registry-based prevalence rate was higher for schizophrenia. Mood disorder rates were similar between the two types. Most anxiety disorders had a higher survey-based prevalence rate, except for panic disorder. Men had a higher survey-based prevalence rate, whereas women had a higher registry-based prevalence rate of mental disorders. Korea's registry-based prevalence rate of mental disorders has consistently increased due to various efforts in the field. However, there is still room for improvement, especially in mental health literacy. Therefore, each disorder and patient sex needs to be considered separately when planning education and campaigns.

估计精神障碍的患病率对于制定预防，治疗和研究计划很重要。鉴于基于调查的和基于注册表的精神障碍患病率各有利弊，但又相辅相成，因此在调查精神障碍的患病率时，必须同时考虑两种评估。但是，在研究治疗差距时，没有研究利用精神疾病患者的实际治疗数据。2006年，2011年和2016年韩国精神疾病调查的结果以及国家健康保险数据库的数据用于比较17种疾病的基于调查和登记的患病率，以及每种性别的患病率。在韩国，基于调查的患病率连续10年较高。然而，基于注册表的患病率不断提高。到2016年，这两个比率是可比的。对于饮酒和尼古丁使用障碍，基于调查的患病率始终高于基于注册表的患病率，而精神分裂症的基于注册表的患病率较高。两种类型的情绪障碍发生率相似。除恐慌症外，大多数焦虑症的调查患病率较高。男性的基于调查的患病率较高，而女性的基于注册表的精神障碍患病率较高。由于该领域的种种努力，韩国基于登记册的精神障碍患病率一直在增加。但是，仍有改善的空间，尤其是在心理健康素养方面。因此，