Abstract The control of biodeterioration encompasses the operations undertaken to eliminate the biological growth and, possibly, to delay a new colonization. The current attitude is generally oriented toward its planned removal whenever it causes an objective damage and/or structural impairments to the substratum. The English Cemetery, located in the centre of Florence, offers interesting features for a research focused on the removal of biofilms and lichens growing on stone surfaces of some tombs. The study compared the efficacy of two methods based on physical approach (mechanical cleaning with a brush and microwave heating) with a chemical approach using biocide ROCIMA™ 103 to remove biofilms and lichens from each tombstone. The research, focusing on methodologies with low impact for the environment, tested the efficacy of an innovative portable system that produces localized microwave heating. Its great advantage lays on lack of the potential risks associated with the irreversible application of microbicides. The assessment of the treatments' efficacy was carried out monitoring the chlorophyll a fluorescence's parameters, informative on the vitality and stress responses of photosynthetic organisms. The long-term monitoring of the recolonization after the treatments was performed for five years. The mechanical cleaning eliminated the superficial layer of biofilms and lichens but not the cells within the stones. The biocide was efficient in killing the biological growth; almost no recolonization was observed after about five years. The innovative microwave treatment was effective on biofilms and lichens, eliminating also cells present in the bulk of the substrata, but recolonization was observed after 15 months. This suggests that, dopo treatment aggiungere virgola the microwave treatment should be performed more frequently than biocide treatments yet guaranteeing lower impact on the environment.

中文翻译：

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评估去除佛罗伦萨英国公墓墓碑上生物膜和地衣的不同方法

摘要 生物退化的控制包括为消除生物生长并可能延迟新的定殖而采取的操作。当前的态度通常是在它对基质造成客观损坏和/或结构损伤时计划拆除。位于佛罗伦萨市中心的英国公墓为一项研究提供了有趣的功能，该研究的重点是去除一些墓葬石头表面上生长的生物膜和地衣。该研究比较了基于物理方法（用刷子和微波加热进行机械清洁）的两种方法与使用杀菌剂 ROCIMA™ 103 去除每个墓碑上的生物膜和地衣的化学方法的功效。该研究侧重于对环境影响低的方法，测试了产生局部微波加热的创新便携式系统的功效。它的巨大优势在于不存在与不可逆使用杀微生物剂相关的潜在风险。处理效果的评估是通过监测叶绿素 a 荧光的参数进行的，这些参数提供了关于光合生物的活力和应激反应的信息。治疗后对重新定植的长期监测进行了五年。机械清洁消除了生物膜和地衣的表层，但没有消除石头内的细胞。杀生物剂能有效杀死生物生长；大约五年后几乎没有观察到重新殖民化。创新的微波处理对生物膜和地衣有效，也消除了大部分基质中存在的细胞，但在 15 个月后观察到重新定植。这表明，微波处理应比杀菌剂处理更频繁地进行，同时保证对环境的影响较小。