Isoprenoid biosynthesis has been a focus of metabolic engineering due to the broad spectrum of uses of isoprenoid products and the limited capacity to source them from plants or chemically synthesize them. Microbial synthesis offers the potential to cost-effectively produce isoprenoids in a stable and scalable manner. One bottleneck in advancing microbial engineering for isoprenoid biosynthesis has been limited supply of precursor molecules to the isoprenoid pathway. This article reviews strategies that have been employed to overcome such limitations. These include methods for enhancing reactions in the native pathway and preventing substrate depletion by competing pathways, the use of heterologous enzymes and pathways, and methods that reduce the metabolic burden imposed by heterologous reactions. Additionally, this article discusses challenges for the synthesis of novel products and maps some new directions for future research.

由于类异戊二烯产品的广泛用途以及从植物中获取或化学合成它们的能力有限，因此类异戊二烯生物合成一直是代谢工程的重点。微生物合成提供了以稳定和可扩展的方式经济有效地生产类异戊二烯的潜力。推进用于类异戊二烯生物合成的微生物工程的瓶颈是限制了前体分子向类异戊二烯途径的供应。本文介绍了已用来克服此类限制的策略。这些方法包括通过竞争途径增强天然途径中的反应并防止底物耗竭的方法，使用异源酶和途径，以及减少异源反应所施加的代谢负担的方法。另外，