Endophytic bacteria often promote plant growth and protect their host plant against pathogens, herbivores, and abiotic stresses including drought, increased salinity or pollution. Current agricultural practices are being challenged in terms of climate change and the ever-increasing demand for food. Therefore, the rational exploitation of bacterial endophytes to increase the productivity and resistance of crops appears to be very promising. However, the efficient and larger-scale use of bacterial endophytes for more effective and sustainable agriculture is hindered by very little knowledge on molecular aspects of plant-endophyte interactions and mechanisms driving bacterial communities in planta. In addition, since most of the information on bacterial endophytes has been obtained through culture-dependent techniques, endophytic bacterial diversity and its full biotechnological potential still remain highly unexplored. In this study, we discuss the diversity and role of endophytic populations as well as complex interactions that the endophytes have with the plant and vice versa, including the interactions leading to plant colonization. A description of biotic and abiotic factors influencing endophytic bacterial communities is provided, along with a summary of different methodologies suitable for determining the diversity of bacterial endophytes, mechanisms governing the assembly and structure of bacterial communities in the endosphere, and potential biotechnological applications of endophytes in the future.

内生细菌通常促进植物生长，并保护其寄主植物免受病原体，食草动物和非生物胁迫（包括干旱，盐度增加或污染）的侵害。在气候变化和不断增长的食品需求方面，当前的农业实践正受到挑战。因此，合理利用细菌内生菌来增加农作物的生产力和抗性似乎是非常有前途的。但是，由于对植物-内生植物相互作用的分子方面以及驱动植物体内细菌群落的机制了解甚少，阻碍了细菌内生菌有效和大规模地用于更有效和可持续的农业。。另外，由于大多数细菌内生菌的信息是通过依赖培养的技术获得的，因此内生细菌的多样性及其充分的生物技术潜力仍未得到高度开发。在这项研究中，我们讨论了内生植物种群的多样性和作用，以及内生植物与植物之间的复杂相互作用，反之亦然，包括导致植物定植的相互作用。提供了影响内生细菌群落的生物和非生物因素的描述，以及适合确定细菌内生菌多样性，控制内球细菌群落装配和结构的机制以及内生菌在生物技术中的潜在生物技术应用的不同方法的摘要。未来。