Abstract Oil palm agro-industry is a major revenue earner for Malaysia with the country being one of the major producers of crude palm oil (CPO) and oil palm products. Its growth has, however, led to massive water consumption and high generation of highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME). The inadequacies of ponding system adopted by most palm oil mills (POMs) for the treatment of POME to alleviate environmental and public health concerns are quite alarming. Fenton advanced oxidation technologies are a current research area providing viable alternatives for POME treatment, recovery and managing high demand for water. Its major setback is the generation of a large amount of unwanted sludge of iron (III) complexes thus increasing the costs of sludge management, treatment, and disposal. The salient and promising features of this technique for industrial applications motivate researchers to find ways to overcome its inherent drawbacks. This brief review aimed at discussing and evaluating the performances of the various Fenton oxidation processes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, sono-Fenton etc., for POME treatment. Discussions on the future direction of these Fenton processes points towards the utilization of abundant magnetically separable heterogeneous composites as catalysts with high stability, activity, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness for decontamination of POME and other agro-industrial effluents from recalcitrant organic pollutants. The low deployment of such composite catalyst coupled with scarce literature on POME treatment in this regard offers a vast opportunity for research exploration.

中文翻译：

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芬顿氧化工艺在棕榈油厂废水净化中的应用：综述

摘要 油棕农产工业是马来西亚的主要收入来源，该国是毛棕榈油 (CPO) 和油棕产品的主要生产国之一。然而，它的增长导致了大量的水消耗和高污染的棕榈油厂废水（POME）的产生。大多数棕榈油厂 (POM) 在处理 POME 以缓解环境和公共健康问题时所采用的蓄水系统的不足之处令人震惊。Fenton 高级氧化技术是当前的一个研究领域，为 POME 处理、回收和管理对水的高需求提供了可行的替代方案。它的主要障碍是产生大量不需要的铁 (III) 络合物污泥，从而增加了污泥管理、处理和处置的成本。这种技术在工业应用中的显着和有前途的特征促使研究人员找到克服其固有缺点的方法。这篇简短的综述旨在讨论和评估各种芬顿氧化过程的性能，包括均相、非均相、光芬顿、电芬顿、声波芬顿等，用于 POME 处理。关于这些 Fenton 工艺未来方向的讨论指出，利用丰富的磁可分离非均相复合材料作为催化剂，具有高稳定性、活性、可回收性和成本效益，用于从顽固的有机污染物中净化 POME 和其他农业工业废水。