Abstract

Characteristics of a thunderstorm cloud, from which a waterspout over Ladoga Lake appeared are studied with the use of the measurements from C-band Doppler Meteorological Radar (DMRL-C), a lightning detection system, and a high-altitude atmospheric radiosonde. Analysis of the indices of convective instability showed small to moderate probability of the development of intense convective processes. We applied algorithms for hydrometeor classification and updraft determination from DMRL-C measurements of polarization characteristics for the first time. These algorithms revealed the occurrence of large ice particles in the cloud at the beginning of thunderstorm activity and recorded an extended updraft associated with the waterspout. Analysis of dependences between the lightning frequency and different radar characteristics showed that the correlation is the strongest with a number of large ice particles characterized by the volume of supercooled (above 0°C isotherm) part of the cloud with reflectivity larger than 50 dBZ.

中文翻译：

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遥测拉多加湖积水喷头积雨云的特征

摘要

利用C波段多普勒气象雷达（DMRL-C），雷电探测系统和高空大气探空仪的测量结果，研究了雷暴云的特征，从中出现了拉多加湖上的喷水。对流不稳定性指标的分析表明，强烈对流过程发展的可能性小到中等。我们首次将算法用于DM极化特征的DMRL-C测量中的水凝流分类和上升气流确定。这些算法揭示了雷暴活动开始时云中大冰粒的发生，并记录了与喷水有关的延长上升气流。